Hepatitis E virus infection in patients with acute non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis in Central Brazil

Freitas, Nara Rubia de; Santana, Edna Braz Rocha de; Silva, Ágabo Macedo da Costa e; Silva, Sueli Meira da; Teles, Sheila Araújo; Gardinali, Noemi Rovaris; Pinto, Marcelo Alves; Martins, Regina Maria Bringel

doi:10.1590/0074-02760160256

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For patients with viral hepatitis additional contact with pigs (OR 1.99) [ 63 ], having low education level, living in a rural area, or having poor sanitation practices were potential risks for HEV infection [ 41 , 87 , 88 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the Americas: Estimates from a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is responsible for inflammatory liver disease and can cause severe health problems. Because the seroprevalence of HEV varies within different population groups and between regions of the continent, we conducted a systematic review on the topic in order to provide evidence for targeted prevention strategies. Methods We performed a systematic review in PubMed, SCIELO, LILACS, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library and included reports up to 25 May 2021 (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020173934). We assessed the risk of bias, publication bias, and heterogeneity between studies and conducted a random-effect meta-analysis for proportions using a (binomial-normal) generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) fitted by Maximum Likelihood (ML). We also reported other characteristics like genotype and risk factors. Results Of 1212 identified records, 142 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis and 132 in the quantitative analysis. Our random-effects GLMM pooled overall estimate for past infection (IgG) was 7.7% (95% CI 6.4%–9.2%) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 97%). We found higher seroprevalence in certain population groups, for example in people with pig related exposure for IgG (ranges from 6.2%–28% and pooled estimate of 13.8%, 95% CI: 7.6%–23.6%), or with diagnosed or suspected acute viral hepatitis for IgM (ranges from 0.3%–23.9% and pooled estimate of 5.5%, 95% CI: 2.0%–14.1%). Increasing age, contact with pigs and meat products, and low socioeconomic conditions are the main risk factors for HEV infection. Genotype 1 and 3 were documented across the region. Conclusion HEV seroprevalence estimates demonstrated high variability within the Americas. There are population groups with higher seroprevalence and reported risk factors for HEV infection that need to be prioritized for further research. Due to human transmission and zoonotic infections in the region, preventive strategies should include water sanitation, occupational health, and food safety.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the Americas: Estimates from a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…A 10‐year gap in knowledge followed, until 2011, when studies from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia, reported respective HEV prevalences . This wave of studies followed the global reports of chronic hepatitis E virus infection by HEV‐3 in immunosuppressed individuals, especially those with solid organ transplantation as well as the reports of extra‐hepatic manifestations of HEV.…”

Section: Detection Of Hev In Humans In South Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus in South America: The current scenario

Pisano

Martinez‐Wassaf²,

Mirazo

et al. 2018

Liver International

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the most frequent causes of acute viral hepatitis of enteric transmission worldwide. In South America the overall epidemiology has been little studied, and the burden of the disease remains largely unknown. A research of all scientific articles about HEV circulation in South America until November 2017 was carried out. Human seroprevalences of HEV varied according to the studied population: blood donors presented prevalence rates ranging from 1.8% to 9.8%, while reports from HIV‐infected individuals, transplant recipients and patients on hemodialysis showed higher prevalence rates. Only 2 cases of chronic hepatitis in solid‐organ transplant patients from Argentina and Brazil have been described. Detection of HEV in the swine population is widely prevalent in the region. Anti‐HEV antibodies have also been recently documented in wild boars from Uruguay. Although scarce, studies focused on environmental and food HEV detection have shown viral presence in these kind of samples, highlighting possible transmission sources of HEV in the continent. HEV genotype 3 was the most frequently detected in the region, with HEV genotype 1 detected only in Venezuela and Uruguay. HEV is widely distributed throughout South America, producing sporadic cases of acute hepatitis, but as a possible agent of chronic hepatitis. Finding the virus in humans, animals, environmental samples and food, show that it can be transmitted through many sources, alerting local governments and health systems to improve diagnosis and for the implementation of preventive measures.

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“…Other studies conducted in Brazil in rural 4 and urban 14,15 populations also reported a low prevalence for anti-HEV IgM antibodies and the absence of HEV RNA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

Hepatitis E seroprevalence and associated factors in rural settlers in Central Brazil

Freitas

Teles

Caetano

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and associated factors were investigated in rural settlements in Central Brazil. Methods: A total of 464 settlers were interviewed, and serum samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG/IgM. Positive samples were tested for HEV RNA. Results: Sixteen participants (3.4%; 95% CI 2.0-5.7) were positive for anti-HEV IgG. None was positive for anti-HEV IgM. HEV RNA was not detected. Dwelling in a rural settlement for >5 years was associated with HEV seropositivity. Conclusions: The results revealed the absence of acute infection and a low prevalence of previous exposure to HEV.

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Hepatitis E virus infection in patients with acute non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis in Central Brazil

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the Americas: Estimates from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the Americas: Estimates from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hepatitis E virus in South America: The current scenario

Hepatitis E seroprevalence and associated factors in rural settlers in Central Brazil

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