Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: infections causing vaginal discharge

Carvalho, Newton Sérgio de; Eleutério, José; Travassos, Ana Gabriela; Santana, Lutigardes Bastos; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-593-2020

Cited by 3 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(64 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normal physiological vaginal discharge changes with the menstrual cycle and may increase premenstrually, at the time of ovulation and in women who start hormone replacement treatment or hormonal contraception ( 6 ). In contrast, vaginal infection and microbiota alterations can be associated with different discharge forms, local irritation, pruritus (itching), and pain ( 6 ). Anamnesis should include aspects related to vaginal discharge (color, consistency, unpleasant odor, and modifications), sexual behavior and practices, type of contraceptive method, vaginal hygiene practices, date of last menstrual period, use of topical or systemic medication, and other potential irritating agents ( 6 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, vaginal infection and microbiota alterations can be associated with different discharge forms, local irritation, pruritus (itching), and pain ( 6 ). Anamnesis should include aspects related to vaginal discharge (color, consistency, unpleasant odor, and modifications), sexual behavior and practices, type of contraceptive method, vaginal hygiene practices, date of last menstrual period, use of topical or systemic medication, and other potential irritating agents ( 6 ). The presence of comorbidities like diabetes mellitus and HIV infection should also be evaluated ( 6 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The treatment algorithm for VVC is shown in Figure 2. The recommended treatment of T. vaginalis is summarized in Figure 3 (6,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Taking into account a recurrence rate of 5-31%, it is important to assess partners' treatment, exposure to new partners, and the possibility of therapeutic failure, which seems more frequent in women treated with a single dose regimen and with HIV infection (6,16).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some factors have been associated with the lack of therapeutic response, including frequent unprotected sexual intercourse, vaginal douches, altered immune response, the occurrence of biofilms, and bacterial resistance to imidazoles and clindamycin (6,29). The proposed treatment algorithm is shown in Figure 4 (6,15,18,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Treatment for other causes of vaginal symptoms (6, 27, 28) is summarized in Figure 5.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Diagnosis and treatment of infectious vaginitis: Proposal for a new algorithm

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundVaginitis is the most common gynecologic diagnosis in primary care, and most women have at least one episode during their lives. The need for standardized strategies to diagnose and treat vaginitis, both in primary care and among gynecologists, is emphasized. The Brazilian Group for Vaginal Infections (GBIV, acronym in Portuguese) aimed to update the practical approach to affected women by reviewing and discussing recent literature, and developing algorithms for diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis.MethodsA literature search within biomedical databases PubMed and SCieLo was conducted in January 2022. The available literature was evaluated by three experienced researchers, members of the GBIV, to summarize the main data and develop practical algorithms.Results and conclusionDetailed algorithms were developed with the main goal to improve gynecological practice considering different scenarios and access to diagnostic tools, from the simplest to the most complex tests. Different age groups and specific contexts were also considered. The combination of anamnesis, gynecological examination, and complementary tests remains the basis of a proper diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Periodic updates of these algorithms are warranted as new evidence becomes available.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Diagnosis and treatment of infectious vaginitis: Proposal for a new algorithm

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Profil Dan Etiologi Fluor Albus Di Poliklinik Obstetri-Ginekologi Rspal Dr. Ramelan Surabaya

Sudiarta¹

2023

SBJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Sepanjang hidup hampir setiap wanita pernah mengalami keputihan. Angka kejadiannya belum diketahui secara pasti, tetapi WHO melaporkan 75% wanita pernah mengalami keputihan, sedangkan 25% wanita Eropa dilaporkan pernah mengalami keputihan. Di Indonesia sekitar 90% wanita berpotensi mengalami keputihan. Kenyataannya memang tidak semua kasus keputihan merupakan keadaan patologis. Keputihan yang bersifat patologis sebagian besar disebabkan oleh Gardnerella vaginalis, Trikomonas, kandida albikan, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis. Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profile dan sebaran kuman kasus fluor albus di poliklinik Obstetric-Ginekologi Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Laut DR. Ramelan Surabaya Periode Oktober 2019 sampai Desember 2021. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif, dengan menggunakan total sampling yang diambil dari rekam medis pasien yang terdiagnosis fluor albus. Hasil : Selama kurun waktu penelitian didapatkan 49 sampel dengan frekuensi terbanyak adalah usia produktif masing-masing 20 orang (41%) yaitu masing-masing pada kelompok usia 35 – 44 tahun dan 45 – 54 tahun, pendidikan SMA sebanyak 26 orang (53%),31 sampel (63%) ibu rumah tangga, 41 orang (84%) multipara, dan hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopik dari swab vaginaadalah Haemophylus vaginalis sebanyak 17 orang (35%). Kesimpulan : Profile dan gambaran mikroskopik dari 49 sampel penelitian didapatkan mayoritas pada kelompok usia 35 – 44 tahun dan 45 – 54 tahun masing-masing 20%, pendidikan SMA 53%, ibu rumah tangga 63%, multipara 84%, dan hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopik swab vagina adalah Haemophylus vaginalis.

show abstract

A new proposal in the approach of vulvovaginitis

Campaner

Carvalho

Eleutério

2023

J Bras Doenças Sex Transm

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vulvovaginal complaints are the most frequent reasons for consulting a gynecologist. Its impact on quality of life is severe. Despite this, many professionals still insist on not recognizing the situation's complexity and treating these symptoms without the correct diagnosis, leading to the chronicity of the conditions and perpetuation of the symptoms (1,2) .Auxiliary morphological methods for identifying the pathogens that cause vulvovaginitis have long been known, such as the examination of fresh and Gram-stained vaginal samples. However, in day-to-day primary care services, professionals give up the use of such tools for diagnostic elucidation, either due to a lack of knowledge or because basic things, like the microscope, were not available (2) . Another important point is the evaluation of vaginal pH as this method can predict the vaginal microbiome conditions ( 3) , but we have not observed its performance in the office as well.In view of this situation, we who form the Brazilian Group of Vaginal Infections (GBIV) consider essential the establishment of an algorithm to assist gynecologists in managing the complaints associated with vulvovaginitis, considering different scenarios (4) . Based on guidelines, studies of various natures, and recommendations from medical associations, we created a flowchart that takes into account the most straightforward diagnostic approach, with the aid of pH measurement, clinical examination, microscopy of fresh and Gramstained vaginal sample, and even the Papanicolaou test, to the most advanced ones, as diagnostic tests on multiplex platforms. Thus, following what the professional has at his/her disposal, he/she can seek the correct diagnosis of the disease and therefore make no mistake in therapy in order to reduce the number of chronic cases.In general, we reviewed the causes of vulvovaginitis from the most frequent to the rarest, which pathogen is associated with, and which are the most appropriate methods to reach the diagnosis in a simple and coherent line of reasoning. In view of the confirmed diagnosis, we also presented the therapy in the form of a flowchart, considering the associated conditions and the possible persistence or chronicity of the condition.

show abstract

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: infections causing vaginal discharge

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Diagnosis and treatment of infectious vaginitis: Proposal for a new algorithm

Diagnosis and treatment of infectious vaginitis: Proposal for a new algorithm

Profil Dan Etiologi Fluor Albus Di Poliklinik Obstetri-Ginekologi Rspal Dr. Ramelan Surabaya

A new proposal in the approach of vulvovaginitis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About