Larval control of Anopheles (Nyssorhinchus) darlingiusing granular formulation of Bacillus sphaericus in abandoned gold-miners excavation pools in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest

Galardo, Allan Kardec Ribeiro; Zimmerman, R. H.; Galardo, Clícia Denis

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-1649-2013

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although the larviciding effect was not instant, the formulation we tested had a longer effect in comparison to other commercial microbial larvicides previously examined for malaria vector control, e.g. [16, 25, 26]. In the study sites in western Kenya the effective duration of the briquets lasted 2–3 months, before larviciding efficacy started to decay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of long-lasting microbial larvicide for malaria vector control in Kenya

Afrane

Mweresa

Wanjala

et al. 2016

Malar J

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BackgroundOutdoor malaria transmission is becoming an increasingly important problem in malaria control in Africa. Larval control is a promising intervention as it can target both indoor and outdoor biting mosquitoes. However, the currently available biolarvicide formulations have a short effective duration, and consequently larval control incurs a high operational expense due to the requirement for frequent re-treatment of larval habitats. Formulations of biolarvicides with long-lasting effects is highly desired. A recently developed FourStar® slow-release briquet formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus was evaluated to test its efficacy on malaria vectors.MethodsThe study evaluated FourStar™ briquets 180-days formulation under semi-natural and natural conditions to test their efficacy in reducing the mosquito population in western Kenya. The semi-natural habitats used the formulation dissolved in rainwater with appropriate concentrations, and second-instar larvae of Anopheles gambiae were introduced and the number of surviving larvae and pupae produced was recorded daily as the outcome. The briquets formulation was then tested in natural habitats for efficacy on pupal productivity reduction in highland and lowland sites in western Kenya. The formulation was finally tested for efficacy in reducing adult mosquito populations in randomized clusters in western Kenya highland.ResultsIn semi-natural conditions, the FourStar™ briquets 180-days formulation completely inhibited mosquito pupal production in the first 3 months, and then reduced pupal productivity by 87–98% (P < 0.001) 4–6 months after application. In natural habitats, during the first 2 months no pupae were detected from any of the treated habitats in highland sites, and Anopheles spp. pupal density was reduced by 60–90% in the next 3–5 months (P < 0.001). In the lowland site, pupal productivity reduction was 100% in the first 3 months, and 75–90% in the next 4–5 months (P < 0.001). The randomized cluster trial found that the application of the briquets formulation reduced mean densities of indoor-biting mosquitoes by 76–82% (P < 0.001) and by 67–75% (P < 0.001) for outdoor-biting mosquitoes.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that long-lasting biological larviciding was effective in reducing pupal productivity of larval habitats, and reducing indoor and outdoor resting mosquitoes. The study suggests that long-lasting microbial larviciding may be a promising complementary malaria vector control tool and warrants further large-scale evaluation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of long-lasting microbial larvicide for malaria vector control in Kenya

Afrane

Mweresa

Wanjala

et al. 2016

Malar J

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“…(2) development of predictive models on climate change scenarios for Neotropical malaria vectors and Plasmodium [18,19]; and (3) collection of baseline larval habitat characteristics in malaria endemic regions that can guide larval source reduction [29,48,58,173] and may prove effective as part of a broader array of vector interventions in certain landscape types such as abandoned gold mining pools [174] and possibly commercial fish ponds [31].…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Transmission in South America—Present Status and Prospects for Elimination

Conn¹,

Grillet²,

Correa³

et al. 2018

Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward

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Four countries (Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela) together contributed ~80% of the 875,000 malaria cases reported in the Latin American region (2016). During the 10-year period (2005-2015) when global malaria incidence was dramatically reduced, Brazil and Colombia were an integral part of this trend, on track to meet the mid-term 2020 goal established by the World Health Organization. In Colombia, since 2015 at the cessation of a five-year globally funded malaria program, both incidence and proportion of Plasmodium falciparum infections have increased, mainly due to the budget constraints. Similarly, despite a strong record and major recognition for reducing malaria, in 2017, Brazil has seen a resurgence of malaria cases, but no increase in the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum to P. vivax. A globally funded malaria control program in Peru from 2005 to 2010 resulted in appreciable reduction in the annual parasitic incidence down to 1/1000 by 2011-2012, but soon after, the annual malaria incidence began to rise and by the end of 2017, there were 53,261 reported cases. To add to Venezuela's political and financial woes, malaria continues to increase, such that, 300,189 cases were reported by the end of week 42, 2017. The only rational pathway to malaria elimination is sustained nation-level financial support that does not fall prey to political vicissitudes.

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“…Galardo et al 102 evaluated an intervention for malaria vector control using VectoLex(r) CG (granular formulation of B. sphaericus 2362 strain) at a mining site in Calçoene, Amapá. The VectoLex(r) reduced immature An.…”

Section: /10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current vector control challenges in the fight against malaria in Brazil

Baía-da-Silva

Brito-Sousa

Rodovalho

et al. 2019

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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In Brazil, malaria is an important public health problem first reported in 1560. Historically, fluctuations in malaria cases in Brazil are attributed to waves of economic development; construction of railroads, highways, and hydroelectric dams; and population displacement and land occupation policies. Vector control measures have been widely used with an important role in reducing malaria cases. In this review article, we reviewed the vector control measures established in the Brazilian territory and aspects associated with such measures for malaria. Although some vector control measures are routinely used in Brazil, many entomological and effectiveness information still need better evidence in endemic areas where Plasmodium vivax predominates. Herein, we outlined some of the needs and priorities for future research: a) update of the cartography of malaria vectors in Brazil, adding molecular techniques for the correct identification of species and complexes of species; b) evaluation of vector competence of anophelines in Brazil; c) strengthening of local entomology teams to perform vector control measures and interpret results; d) evaluation of vector control measures, especially use of insecticide-treated nets and long-lasting insecticidal nets, estimating their effectiveness, cost-benefit, and population acceptance; e) establishment of colonies of malaria vectors in Brazil, i.e., Anopheles darlingi, to understand parasite-vector interactions better; f) study of new vector control strategies with impacts on non-endophilic vectors; g) estimation of the impact of insecticide resistance in different geographical areas; and h) identification of the relative contribution of natural and artificial breeding sites in different epidemiological contexts for transmission.

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Larval control of Anopheles (Nyssorhinchus) darlingiusing granular formulation of Bacillus sphaericus in abandoned gold-miners excavation pools in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation of long-lasting microbial larvicide for malaria vector control in Kenya

Evaluation of long-lasting microbial larvicide for malaria vector control in Kenya

Malaria Transmission in South America—Present Status and Prospects for Elimination

Current vector control challenges in the fight against malaria in Brazil

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