Nasal carriage rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Iranian healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Globally, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a major cause of healthcare-associated infections. Healthcare workers (HCWs), patients and the environment may act as reservoirs for the spread of MRSA to patients and other HCWs. Screening and eradication of MRSA colonization is an effective method of reducing the MRSA infection rate. There are limited data on the prevalence of MRSA among Iranian HCWs. We performed a systematic search by using different electronic databases including Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, and Iranian Databases (from January 2000 to July 2016). Meta-analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Biostat V2.2) software. The meta-analyses showed that the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA among HCWs were 22.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 19.3-26.6] and 32.8% (95% CI: 26.0-40.4) respectively. The high rate of nasal MRSA carriage among Iranian HCWs has been attributed to poor compliance to hand hygiene, injudicious use of antibiotics, and ineffective infection control and prevention measures. The rational use of antibiotics plus strict infection control are the main pillars for controlling multidrug resistant microorganisms such as MRSA in the hospital setting. These measurements should be applied nationally.

Nasal Carriage and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Staff of a Referral Hospital, Zabol, Iran

“…This frequency is lower than those obtained in the previous studies. 3,[13][14][15] Meanwhile, our findings revealed that 46.7% of the isolates were MRSA, which is in agreement with the study of Dadashi et al (43.0%). 16 It has been noted that the prevalence of MRSA has increased from the year 2000, which partly explains the high prevalence of MRSA observed in our study.…”

“…There are several factors that may explain these inconsistencies, the most important of which include sample size, culture techniques, limited infrastructure, and lack of sufficient knowledge regarding transmission routes. 15 Widespread distribution of MRSA among HCWs in Iran may be due to several reasons such as lack of a regular screening program for most important causative pathogens of hospital-acquired infections like MRSA, inefficient MRSA management and finally indiscriminate use of antibiotics. 16 Our results showed low resistance to ciprofloxacin (7.1%) and surprisingly no resistance to gentamycin, linezolid, rifampin and vancomycin among MRSA isolates.…”

Prevalence of Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and its Antibiotic Susceptibility among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in Ukraine

“…Differences in the prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus strains may be due in part to differences in the quality and size of samples and the use of different techniques and different interpretation guidelines. Our study of nasal carriage in HCWs in a local public hospital showed that 31 % of the personnel carried S. aureus [26,27], of whom 16.6 % accounted for MRSA [16,26,27] [28,29]. Thus, this is a major problem in the treatment of S. aureus infections.…”

“…Laboratorybased screening for MRSA colonisation of HCWs is a key element in enabling control measures and early therapeutic decisions. An overview of the published work highlights that carriage of MSSA or MRSA in HCWs occurs at a variable rate in countries with very different public health and social structures, however, there is no simple way to predict carriage rates on the basis of the mentioned variables [11,14,16,18,21,[24][25][26][27]. Differences in the prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus strains may be due in part to differences in the quality and size of samples and the use of different techniques and different interpretation guidelines.…”

Biossegurança: avaliação da eficácia de válvulas antirrefluxo em sistemas de infusão na radiologia

“…As presentes diretrizes devem ser implementadas em qualquer situação de cuidado de saúde aos pacientes WHO, 2009;CARRARA et al, 2017;ZIVICH et a., 2017 Uma meta-análise mostrou que a prevalência de S. aureus e MRSA entre os profissionais da saúde iranianos foi de 22,7% e 32,8%, respectivamente. Ainda, a elevada taxa de transmissão de MRSA entre estes profissionais foi atribuída a falta de HM, ao uso indiscriminado de antibióticos e a ineficácia da implementação de medidas de prevenção e controle dos riscos de infeção (EMANEINI et al, 2017).…”