Hepatitis E seroprevalence and associated risk factors in Croatian liver transplant recipients

Mrzljak, Anna; Dinjar-Kujundzic, Petra; Vilibić-Čavlek, Tatjana; Jemeršić, Lorena; Prpić, Jelena; Đaković-Rode, Oktavija; Kolarić, Branko; Vince, Adriana

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0302-2019

Cited by 12 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The percentage of male LT recipients in the cohorts ranged from 51.2% to 83.3% 9,10,13–19,21,23,24 . At the time of evaluation (ranging from 3 to 107 months post‐LT) 9,10,15,16,19,21,23,24 the mean/median values of AST, ALT and bilirubin were from 24 to 59 IU/L, 10,15,16,24 19 to 71 IU/L 10,11,13,15,16,24 and 4 to 36 μmol/L, 10,11,15,16,24 respectively. Based on the available data, 34 of the 5227 LT recipients tested for HEV RNA had confirmed HEV infection at 5.5 to 96 months post‐LT 10,15,16,18,20,21 having mean/median AST, ALT and bilirubin levels from 29.5 to 250 IU/L, 15,16,18 22.8 to 250 IU/L 15,16,18,20,24 and 10.3 to 198 μmol/L, 15,16,18,20 respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the six studies published between 2009 and 2014, 9–14 only three evaluated HEV RNA (with 9,10 or without 12 HEV Abs) including 820 (53%) recipients. In contrast, all the studies published between 2015 and 2020, 15–24 evaluated HEV RNA (with 16,17,19,23,24 or without HEV Abs 15,18,20–22 ). The seroprevalence of anti‐HEV IgG ranged from 3.16% to 27.7% and 2.9% to 53.3% (24.4% in the only European cohort reporting IgG) between 2009 and 2014 and between 2015 and 2020, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and treatment of hepatitis E in the liver transplantation setting: A literature review

Markakis

Papatheodoridis

2022

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute hepatitis in developing countries, but it can also take a chronic course especially in immunocompromised patients. Its epidemiology after liver transplantation (LT) is hard to assess and treatment options are still explored. Between 2009 and 2020, literature reporting HEV prevalence and treatment in LT recipients was searched and a synthesis was attempted. Sixteen studies reported HEV prevalence in consecutive LT patients: HEV RNA positivity ranged between 0%–1.4% and 0%–7.7% for Western and Eastern cohorts, respectively. In studies published between 2009–2014 and 2015–2020, HEV RNA positivity ranged between 0.35%–1.3% (all European) and 0%–7.7% (European: 0%–1.4%), respectively. Five studies evaluated HEV prevalence in LT recipients with abnormal liver enzymes: HEV RNA positivity was 2.9% in studies published between 2009 and 2014 and from 3.5% to 20% in studies published between 2015 and 2020. Twenty‐seven studies reported HEV treatment in LT recipients: sustained virologic response was achieved in 15% by immunosuppression reduction alone and in 83% of cases by ribavirin regiments. Chronic HEV infection is affecting LT recipients, mostly those with abnormal liver enzymes and in Eastern countries. HEV diagnoses should be based on PCR techniques. Successful treatment can be achieved with ribavirin in most cases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and treatment of hepatitis E in the liver transplantation setting: A literature review

Markakis

Papatheodoridis

2022

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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“…[23] In the study by Kamar et al [13] in 2008, HEV seroprevalence was 14.5% and 10.4% in kidney and liver transplant recipients, respectively. The study by Mrzljak et al [24] in Croatia showed that the HEV seroprevalence was 24.4% in liver transplant patients. In a study by Buffaz et al [25] in France, anti-HEV IgG antibody positivity was identified in 28% of the liver transplant recipients tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in some studies, no significant relationship was found between drinking water source and anti-HEV IgG antibody positivity. [8,24] The risk of HEV seropositivity being higher in a living-donor liver transplant recipients is difficult to explain, but this could be because 14 (63.6%) of 21 living-donor recipients were born in Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia, where HEV is quite common.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus IgG seroprevalence in liver transplant patients: A retrospective single-center experience

Çelik¹,

Şenkaya²,

Ünal³

et al. 2021

Hepatology Forum

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Background and Aim: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) may cause chronic liver disease in solid organ transplant recipients. We determined HEV seroprevalence and associated factors in liver transplant recipients. Materials and Methods: Patients followed at the outpatient clinic of liver transplantation between January 2019 and January 2020 were screened retrospectively for HEV serology (HEV immunoglobulin M [IgM] and HEV immunoglobulin G [IgG]). Results: Of the 150 patients (male/female, 104/46; age, 55.4±13.2 years), anti-HEV IgG was positive in 31 (20.7%), and anti-HEV IgM was negative in all. The mean time after liver transplantation (72 [48%] deceased and 78 [52%] living donors) was 81±78.5 months. Drinking water consisted of carboy and tap water in 88 (58.7%) and 62 patients (41.3%), respectively.Of the patients, 120 (80%) and 30 (20%) lived in urban and rural areas, respectively. On comparison, the difference between positive and negative anti-HEV IgG groups in terms of age, place of birth, water supply, and donor type was statistically significant (p=0.007, p=0.000, p=0.034, and p=0.049, respectively). Conclusion:HEV seroprevalence was more frequent in liver transplant recipients compared with the normal population. Older age, water supply, and place of birth were risk factors for HEV seroprevalence.

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“…To date, only one study addressed the HEV seroprevalence in the Croatian transplant recipients [59]. In 2017, a cross-sectional study conducted in a cohort of 242 adult liver transplant recipients, transplanted from 1994 to 2013 in a single high-volume liver transplant center, showed an HEV IgG seroprevalence rate of 24.4%.…”

Section: Hepatitis E Virus In Croatia-human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus in Croatia in the “One-Health” Context

et al. 2021

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of viral hepatitis globally. The first human case of autochthonous HEV infection in Croatia was reported in 2012, with the undefined zoonotic transmission of HEV genotype 3. This narrative review comprehensively addresses the current knowledge on the HEV epidemiology in humans and animals in Croatia. Published studies showed the presence of HEV antibodies in different population groups, such as chronic patients, healthcare professionals, voluntary blood donors and professionally exposed and pregnant women. The highest seroprevalence in humans was found in patients on hemodialysis in a study conducted in 2018 (27.9%). Apart from humans, different studies have confirmed the infection in pigs, wild boars and a mouse, indicating the interspecies transmission of HEV due to direct or indirect contact or as a foodborne infection. Continued periodical surveys in humans and animals are needed to identify the possible changes in the epidemiology of HEV infections.

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Hepatitis E seroprevalence and associated risk factors in Croatian liver transplant recipients

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Epidemiology and treatment of hepatitis E in the liver transplantation setting: A literature review

Epidemiology and treatment of hepatitis E in the liver transplantation setting: A literature review

Hepatitis E virus IgG seroprevalence in liver transplant patients: A retrospective single-center experience

Hepatitis E Virus in Croatia in the “One-Health” Context

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