Incidence and mortality rates of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers in Brazil: time-trend and age-period-cohort analysis from the last 30 years, Global Burden of Disease Study

Abstract

Introduction: Cancers are the second main cause of morbidity worldwide, but robust information on lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers in Brazil is lacking. This study aimed to analyze the trends of incidence and mortality caused by lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers and age-period-cohort effects in the Brazilian population of 30 years of age and over, in the period of 1990 to 2019. Methods: A time series study of the incidence and mortality rates for oral cavity and pharynx cancer ("Lip and oral cavity cancer", "Nasopharynx cancer", and "Other pharynx cancer") was conducted, with corrected data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. Age-standardized rates per 100,000 inhabitants, for the global population, were gathered according to the individuals' sex. The annual average percentage change (AAPC) was estimated, as was the age-period-cohort effects. Results: The incidence and mortality rates were higher for men in the studied anatomical regions. The cancers tended to decrease for men, except for nasopharynx cancer, which increased in individuals of both sexes. Mortality tended to present a decline in most of the groups studied. For men and women, the age-period-cohort model presented a better adjustment for both incidence and mortality. Conclusions: Incidence and mortality caused by the main head and neck cancers showed a tendency to decline over the past 30 years in Brazil, except for nasopharynx cancer, which showed an increase in incidence and mortality in some segments of the population. Higher rates were found for lip and oral cavity cancers in men.

The economic impact of cancer mortality among working-age individuals in Brazil from 2001 to 2030

“…Cancer is the second leading cause of death from non-communicable chronic diseases in Brazil [1] and forty percent of cancer cases in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region occur in Brazil as well as 36% of deaths [2] . About 257,000 cancer deaths occurred in 2020 and an increase of 80% is estimated by 2040 [2] .…”

Laminin Immunostaining in Biopsies as a Useful Biomarker of Early Invasion in Actinic Cheilitis and Differential Diagnosis Between Actinic Cheilitis and Lip Cancer: New Insights

“…Lip and oral cavity cancers represent the 16th overall and the 15th deadliest cancer worldwide with an increasing incidence in the last decades [ 1 – 3 ]. It is estimated that in 2022 the number of lip and oral cavity cancer-related deaths worldwide will be 80,736 [ 2 ].…”

Association between socioeconomic factors and origin of hospital referrals among patients with oral cancer

“…Oral cancer involving the lip and oral cavity regions stands out among head and neck tumors due to its high incidence, morbidity, and mortality ( 1 ). The highest incidence and mortality rates of lip and oral cavity cancers are observed for men, and an increasing incidence are also observed for women, within the 1990 and 2019 period ( 2 ).…”

“…The epidemiological profile of the oral cancer disease consists of men, aged between 40 and 60 years ( 2 ), mostly with low socioeconomic status and low education ( 3 ). The main risk factors are smoking and alcohol abuse ( 4 ).…”