Prevalence of coinfections in women living with human immunodeficiency virus in Northeast Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: Despite the success of antiretrovirals, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfections continue to cause mortality. We investigated the prevalence of coinfections in women with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Sergipe, Brazil. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study. The coinfections investigated were syphilis, hepatitis B and C, toxoplasmosis, rubella, tuberculosis, and cytomegalovirus. Results: Among the 435 women, 85 (19.5%) had coinfections. The most prevalent was HIV/syphilis, followed by tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and rubella. Additionally, 300 (96.2%) were seropositive for cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G. Conclusions: Despite significant progress in the treatment for people with HIV, coinfections continued to affect this population.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Syphilis in People Living With HIV/AIDS in the State of Pará, Northern Brazil

“…The prevalence of syphilis detected in this study (6.4%) was higher than that found in PLWHA in Brazilian cities of Rio de Janeiro (2.7%) ( 11 ) and Vitória (5.3%) ( 12 ). However, higher prevalence of syphilis has also been detected in PLWHA in cities in the Brazilian states of Pernambuco (8.8%) ( 10 ), Paraná (15.9%) ( 3 ), Sergipe (9.1%) ( 14 ) and Rio Grande do Sul (20.5%) ( 16 ), and other countries, such as Germany (20.3%) ( 17 ) and Israel (15.2%) ( 18 ). Several factors (study design, sampling, laboratory tests and potentially temporal/local factors) may be interfering with these differences in the prevalence of syphilis.…”

“…The sample size determination was based on the estimated prevalence of syphilis in the general population and on the estimative of individuals enrolled in Specialized Reference Unit on Special Infectious and Parasitic Diseases in 2018 (approximately 7,420 patients, of which 5,219 were PLWHA). An estimated prevalence of 10% of active syphilis in PLWHA ( 12 – 14 ) resulted in a minimum sample size of 491 individuals. The sample error (ε) assumed in the present calculation was 5%, and a test power of 80% was established.…”

Perfil dos usuários vivendo com HIV/Aids atendidos em um Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento no interior da Bahia: um estudo longitudinal retrospectivo

“…Essa tendência é relatada por diversos autores, em que se observa uma feminização da epidemiologia do HIV/Aids 16,18,19 . Essa teoria mostra que ao contrário do que ocorreu nos primórdios da epidemia, em que o segmento mais acometido eram homens homossexuais e bissexuais, no presente, as mulheres apresentam maiores taxas de infecção, refletindo na progressiva queda nacional da razão de sexo, reduzindo de 6:1 em 1990 para 2:3 em 2018 4,16,18 .…”

“…Essa tendência é relatada por diversos autores, em que se observa uma feminização da epidemiologia do HIV/Aids 16,18,19 . Essa teoria mostra que ao contrário do que ocorreu nos primórdios da epidemia, em que o segmento mais acometido eram homens homossexuais e bissexuais, no presente, as mulheres apresentam maiores taxas de infecção, refletindo na progressiva queda nacional da razão de sexo, reduzindo de 6:1 em 1990 para 2:3 em 2018 4,16,18 . A feminização da epidemiologia do HIV/ Aids pode ser explicada por diversos fatores, entre eles a violência sexual, maior número de parceiros sexuais e heterossexualização do perfil das pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids, principal grupo acometido atualmente 19 .…”

Avaliação da completitude de formulários de admissão de pessoas vivendo com HIV em um Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento do interior da Bahia

“…It is also revealed an epidemic of multiple dimensions that have been different in terms of epidemiological profile over time. According to studies of the Brito et al 8 , Cabral et al 9 and Silva et al 10 there is a significant change in the socio-epidemiological patterns of people living with HIV (PLHIV), such as the phenomena of feminization, interiorization, pauperization and heterosexualization, conditions that need to be evaluated at the local level. These changes require health managers and workers to make constant efforts to identify the care profile, and specificities for the restructuring of public policies and the provision of health actions and services so that they can meet current needs and demands 11 .…”