Impact of insecticide resistance on the field control of Aedes aegypti in the State of São Paulo

Abstract

Introduction:The need to control dengue transmission by means of insecticides has led to the development of resistance to most of the products used worldwide against mosquitoes. In the State of São Paulo, the Superintendência de Controle de Endemias (SUCEN) has annually monitored the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to insecticides since 1996; since 1999, surveys were conducted in collaboration with the National Network of Laboratories (MoReNAa Network) and were coordinated by the Ministry of Health. In this study, in addition to the biological characterization of insecticide resistance in the laboratory, the impact of resistance on fi eld control was evaluated for vector populations that showed resistance in laboratory assays. Methods: Field effi cacy tests with larvicides and adulticides were performed over a 13-year period, using World Health Organization protocols. Results: Data from the fi eld tests showed a reduction in the residual effect of temephos on populations with a resistance ratio of 3. For adults, fi eld control was less effective in populations characterized as resistant in laboratory qualitative assays, and this was confi rmed using qualitative assays and fi eld evaluation. Conclusions: Our results indicated that management of resistance development needs to be adopted when insect populations show reduced susceptibility. The use of insecticides is a self-limiting tool that needs to be applied cautiously, and dengue control requires more sustainable strategies.

Susceptibility profile and metabolic mechanisms involved in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus resistant to DDT and deltamethrin in the Central African Republic

“…albopictus [59, 60], although data for the latter are scarce. The decreased susceptibility to deltamethrin observed in both populations may represent an obstacle for vector control programmes, because pyrethroids are recommended for the control of adult Aedes mosquitoes [61, 62]. …”

Adherence to vector preventive measures decrease cases of acute Dengue among Abuja residents, Nigeria

“…The use of insecticides in the control of the vector that transmit arboviruses is one of the preventive measures against associated diseases such as dengue and yellow fever (14). Pyrethroids such as deltamethrin, cypermethrin, and permethrin are being used to control adult Aedes mosquitoes (15).…”

Insights from agriculture for the management of insecticide resistance in disease vectors

“…Resistance to insecticides is now widespread in the different mosquito species that transmit malaria, dengue, and filariasis, and in other insect species with public health importance (Hemingway & Ranson, ; Ranson, Burhani, Lumjuan, & Black IV, ; Ranson & Lissenden, ). Evidence from laboratory and semi‐field studies suggests that the efficacy of commonly used insecticides, such as pyrethroids, is declining (Macoris et al., ; N'Guessan, Corbel, Akogbéto, & Rowland, ; Ochomo et al., ; Toe et al., ; Vontas et al., ). Given the importance of insecticides for disease control (Bhatt et al., ; Hemingway, ; Pluess, Tanser, Lengeler, & Sharp, ; White, Conteh, Cibulskis, & Ghani, ; World Health Organization, ), it may seem almost inevitable that, unless changes are made, resistance will lead to a resurgence of vector‐borne diseases such as malaria and dengue—although the extent and nature of the epidemiological consequences of resistance remains an open question.…”