Are waste pickers at risk for hepatitis B and C infections because of poverty or environmental exposures?

Scarponi, Cristiane Faria de Oliveira; Zolnikov, Tara Rava; Mol, Marcos Paulo Gomes

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0123-2019

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although various factors contributed to poverty, such as age or education levels, and are closely related to infectious disease spread [ 34 ], considering the low self-awareness of their condition among impoverished people, the poverty group could show a progressive increase in the risk of disease such as hepatitis [ 35 ]. In support of this, in Brazil, a previous study also showed hepatitis B susceptibility rates ranging from approximately 32% among individuals living with low income [ 36 ]. Therefore, poverty in people with complications such as DM is the cause of increasing HBV or HCV and is also likely to be an important factor in the incidence rate because there is a cost burden [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Hepatitis Risk in Diabetes Compared to Non-Diabetes and Relevant Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013–2018

Han

Kwon

Kim

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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This study aimed to identify the development of hepatitis B or C infection in diabetes patients compared to those without and to elucidate factors associated with the prevalence of hepatitis B or C infection in diabetes. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2018. As evaluation factors, we included variables such as age, race, illicit drug use, and poverty. The diabetic group had a significantly higher prevalence of hepatitis B or C infection than the non-diabetic group (odds ratio (OR) = 1.73; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.36–2.21, p < 0.01). In multivariate Cox regression, non-poverty and non-illicit drug use were lower risk factors contributing to hepatitis development in diabetes (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.32–0.79, p < 0.01, and HR = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.03–0.08, p < 0.01, respectively). Logistic regression also showed that these factors were significant contributors to hepatitis development in the diabetic group (p < 0.01). In patients with diabetes, the development of hepatitis was higher than that in those without, and hepatitis development was influenced by poverty and illicit drug use. This may provide supporting evidence of response strategies for diabetes to care for hepatitis development in advance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Hepatitis Risk in Diabetes Compared to Non-Diabetes and Relevant Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013–2018

Han

Kwon

Kim

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…Waste pickers have a higher risk of acquiring a number of diseases and injuries compared to the general population. This is because of exposure to cuts (lesions to the skin) and toxic substances like chemicals, bacteria, dust inhalation, and medical wastes [9][10][11][12]. Diseases they most commonly face include respiratory infections, skin diseases, mental illness, and chronic diseases [11,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illness, Self-Rated Health and Access to Medical Care among Waste Pickers in Landfill Sites in Johannesburg, South Africa

Made

Ntlebi

Kootbodien

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Waste pickers are exposed to various environmental health hazards, and self-rated health (SRH) could influence their medical care access. This study investigated the association between illness, clinic visits and SRH, and assessed if SRH can increase clinic visits. A cross-sectional study was conducted. SRH was defined as “very good”, “good”, “fair”, and “poor”. The illnesses were mental health, infectious, and chronic diseases. Medical care access included clinic visits in the previous 12 months. An ordinal logistic regression model was fitted to assess the association. There were 361 participants, 265 (73.41%) were males. Median age was 31 years, (interquartile range (IQR): 27–39). SRH: poor (29.89%), fair (15.92%), good (43.30%) very good (10.89%). Ever smoked (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.72; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–2.66), mental health (AOR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.22–2.84), chronic (AOR: 2.34; 95% CI:1.47–3.68) and infectious (AOR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.77–3.63) diseases were significantly associated with increased odds of reporting poor health. Clinic visit was not associated with SRH. From 99 (31%) individuals who rated their health as poor and ill, 40% visited a clinic (p = 0.0606). Acute and chronic illnesses were associated with poor SRH but this did not increase clinic visits. Provision of mobile clinic services at the landfill sites could increase access to medical care.

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“…Hence, the health conditions of the waste pickers could be adversely affected. Due to cuts and contact with toxic substances like dust inhalation, bacteria, and chemicals, a large proportion of waste pickers are at a higher risk of being infected by injuries and diseases unlike the general population [ 28 , 29 ]. Health impact of waste pickers is also affected by their socioeconomic characteristics, such as age, educational level, income earned, and number of days worked weekly [ 25 , 30 – 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Health Risk of Waste Pickers: A Case Study of Northern Region of South Africa

Uhunamure

Edokpayi

Shale

2021

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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In South Africa, waste pickers play a significant role in the management of waste at landfill sites. Waste picking is an income-generating venture for most people with low-income base. The activity of sorting waste at landfill sites is, however, associated with occupational health risks to waste pickers which this study has examined. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey with a convenience sampling method which was conducted among 114 waste pickers in three landfill sites in Limpopo Province of South Africa. A validated questionnaire was used in eliciting responses from the participants. The statistical technique employed includes the ANOVA, simple, and multiple regression. The results indicated that, in the last one year, waste pickers exposed to landfill sites were 1.7 times more likely to develop a common health disorder (AOR: 1.733; 95% CI: 1.069, 2.755; P value: 0.041). There was statistical significance between the number of days worked at the landfill and the health conditions of the waste pickers ( P ≤ 0.001). The cofounders were adjusted for age and years worked, and the result revealed that days worked by the waste pickers’ increased their chances of occupational health risks by 1.4 times. It is unlikely that waste pickers will have a risk-free environment, but supportive policies such as provision of adequate personal protective equipment and more awareness programmes on the health risks related to such enterprises will aid in abating the associated risks.

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Are waste pickers at risk for hepatitis B and C infections because of poverty or environmental exposures?

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Hepatitis Risk in Diabetes Compared to Non-Diabetes and Relevant Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013–2018

Hepatitis Risk in Diabetes Compared to Non-Diabetes and Relevant Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013–2018

Illness, Self-Rated Health and Access to Medical Care among Waste Pickers in Landfill Sites in Johannesburg, South Africa

Occupational Health Risk of Waste Pickers: A Case Study of Northern Region of South Africa

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