Cellular immunodeficiency related to chronic dermatophytosis in a patient with Schistosoma mansoni infection: can schistosomiasis induce immunodeficiency?

Ferreira, Maurício Domingues; Collaniere, Anna Cristina; Bertolini, Dalton Luis; Barros, Noac Chuffi; Vasconcelos, Dewton de Moraes

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0107-2016

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…There is no previous documentation between S. haematobium and dermatophytosis. In literature, extensive dermatophytosis was noted in a case reports involving S. mansoni [47,48]. It is postulated that S. mansoni exacerbated dermatophytosis by lowering immunity due to the liver involvement or by suppression of the T-helper 1 system which is involved in suppressing fungal infections [49,50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Schistosoma haematobium infection morbidity and severity on co-infections in pre-school age children living in a rural endemic area in Zimbabwe

et al. 2020

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Background Individuals living in Schistosoma haematobium endemic areas are often at risk of having other communicable diseases simultaneously. This usually creates diagnostic difficulties leading to misdiagnosis and overlooking of schistosomiasis infection. In this study we investigated the prevalence and severity of coinfections in pre-school age children and further investigated associations between S. haematobium prevalence and under 5 mortality. Methods A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shamva District, Zimbabwe. Using random selection, 465 preschool age children (1–5 years of age) were enrolled through clinical examination by two independent clinicians for the following top morbidity causing conditions: respiratory tract infections, dermatophytosis, malaria and fever of unknown origin. The conditions and their severe sequels were diagnosed as per approved WHO standards. S. haematobium infection was diagnosed by urine filtration and the children were screened for conditions common in the study area which included HIV, tuberculosis, malnutrition and typhoid. Data was analysed using univariate and multinomial regression analysis and relative risk (RR) calculated. Results Prevalence of S. haematobium was 35% (145). The clinical conditions assessed had the following prevalence in the study population: upper respiratory tract infection 40% (229), fever of unknown origin 45% (189), dermatophytosis 18% and malaria 18% (75). The odds of co-infections observed with S. haematobium infection were: upper respiratory tract infection aOR = 1.22 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.87), dermatophytosis aOR = 4.79 (95% CI 2.78 to 8.25), fever of unknown origin aOR = 10.63 (95% CI 6.48–17.45) and malaria aOR = 0.91 (95% CI 0.51 to1.58). Effect of schistosomiasis coinfection on disease progression based on the odds of the diseases progressing to severe sequalae were: Severe pneumonia aOR = 8.41 (95% CI 3.09–22.93), p < 0.0001, complicated malaria aOR = 7.09 (95% CI 1.51–33.39), p = 0.02, severe dermatophytosis aOR = 20.3 (95% CI 4.78–83.20):p = 0.03, and fever of unknown origin aOR = 1.62 (95%CI 1.56–4.73), p = 0.02. Conclusion This study revealed an association between schistosomiasis and the comorbidity conditions of URTI, dermatophytosis, malaria and FUO in PSAC living in a schistosomiasis endemic area. A possible detrimental effect where coinfection led to severe sequels of the comorbidity conditions was demonstrated. Appropriate clinical diagnostic methods are required to identify associated infectious diseases and initiate early treatment of schistosomiasis and co-infections in PSAC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Schistosoma haematobium infection morbidity and severity on co-infections in pre-school age children living in a rural endemic area in Zimbabwe

et al. 2020

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“…There is no previous documentation between S. haematobium and dermatophytosis. In literature extensive dermatophytosis was noted in a case report involving S. mansoni (26). It is postulated that S.mansoni exacerbated dermatophytosis by lowering immunity due to the liver involvement or by suppression of the T-helper 1 system which is involved in suppressing fungal infections (27,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of S. haematobium Infection Morbidity and Severity on Co-infections status in Pre-school Age Children Living in a Rural Endemic Area in Zimbabwe

Naicker

Mduluza-Jokonya

Midzi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Individuals living in S. haematobium endemic areas are often at risk of having other communicable diseases, simultaneously. This usually creates diagnostic difficulties leading to misdiagnosis and overlooking schistosomiasis infection. In this study we investigated the prevalence and effects of coinfections in pre-school age children.Methodology : About 465 Preschool age children were clinically examined for the following top morbidity conditions: respiratory tract infections, dermatophytosis, malaria and fever of unknown origin. S. haematobium infection was diagnosed by urine filtration and the children were screened for other communicable infections common in rural areas.Results : Prevalence of S. haematobium was 35% (145). A positive relationship between S. haematobium prevalence and under-5 mortality rate in Zimbabwean provinces was demonstrated. The odds of co-infections observed for S. haematobium were: upper respiratory tract infection AOR = 1.98 (95% CI 1.657 to 2.48), dermatophytosis AOR = 5.10 ( 95% CI 2.99 to 8.72), fever of unknown origin AOR = 9.07 ( 95% CI 5.70 to 14.44) and malaria AOR = 0.91 ( 95% CI 0.54 to1.54). The risk ratio of having S. haematobium and co-infections in children who had fever of unknown origin 138%, dermatophytosis 38%, Upper respiratory tract infection 1% increase risk and malaria had a 2% reduced risk. Odds of having severe sequelae following the above conditions were: severe pneumonia AOR = 8.41(95%CI 3.09-22.93), complicated malaria AOR = 7.09 (95% CI 1.51-33.39), severe and persistent dermatophytosis AOR=20.3 (95% CI 4.78-83.2) and seizures AOR=1.62 (95%CI 1.56-4.73).Conclusion : This study is novel as it identifies a possible causal relationship between S. haematobium infection and top morbidity conditions in children under five years. There is need to alert policy makers so as to initiate early treatment of schistosomiasis in pre-school age children.

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“…There is no previous documentation between S. haematobium and dermatophytosis. In literature, extensive dermatophytosis was noted in a case report involving S. mansoni (40). It is postulated that S. mansoni exacerbated dermatophytosis by lowering immunity due to the liver involvement or by suppression of the T-helper 1 system which is involved in suppressing fungal infections (41,42).…”

Section: Severity Of Morbidity Associated With Co-infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Schistosoma haematobium Infection Morbidity and Severity on Co-infections status in Pre-school Age Children Living in a Rural Endemic Area in Zimbabwe

Naicker

Mduluza-Jokonya

Midzi

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Individuals living in Schistosoma haematobium endemic areas are often at risk of having other communicable diseases, simultaneously. This usually creates diagnostic difficulties leading to misdiagnosis and overlooking schistosomiasis infection. In this study we investigated the prevalence and effects of coinfections in pre-school age children and further investigated association between S. haematobium prevalence and under 5 mortality.Methods: Four hundred and sixty five Preschool age children (1-5 years old) with 51% being male were clinically examined for the following top morbidity causing conditions: respiratory tract infections, dermatophytosis, malaria and fever of unknown origin. The conditions were diagnosed as per approved WHO standards. S. haematobium infection was diagnosed by urine filtration and the children were screened for conditions common in the study area which included HIV, tuberculosis, malnutrition and typhoid. Results: Prevalence of S. haematobium was 35% (145). The clinical conditions assessed had the following prevalence in the study population: upper respiratory tract infection 40% (229), fever of unknown origin 45% (189), dermatophytosis and malaria both had 18% (75), The odds of co-infections observed with S. haematobium infection were: upper respiratory tract infection AOR = 1.22 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.87), dermatophytosis AOR = 4.79 ( 95% CI 2.78 to 8.25), fever of unknown origin AOR = 10.63 ( 95% CI 6.48-17.45) and malaria AOR = 0.91 ( 95% CI 0.51 to1.58). Relative risks of the severe sequels when coinfected were: Severe pneumonia RR=7.5 (95% CI 2.92-19.23), p<0.0001, complicated malaria RR=12 (95%CI 11.53-94.53), p=0.02, severe dermatophytosis RR=8.5 (95% CI 1.2-60.2):p=0.03, and fever of unknown origin RR=2.32 (95% CI 1.12-4.80), p=0.02.Conclusion: This study is novel as it identifies a possible association relationship between S. haematobium infection and top morbidity conditions in children under five years. There is need to alert policy makers so as to initiate early treatment of schistosomiasis in pre-school age children.

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Cellular immunodeficiency related to chronic dermatophytosis in a patient with Schistosoma mansoni infection: can schistosomiasis induce immunodeficiency?

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Association of Schistosoma haematobium infection morbidity and severity on co-infections in pre-school age children living in a rural endemic area in Zimbabwe

Association of Schistosoma haematobium infection morbidity and severity on co-infections in pre-school age children living in a rural endemic area in Zimbabwe

Association of S. haematobium Infection Morbidity and Severity on Co-infections status in Pre-school Age Children Living in a Rural Endemic Area in Zimbabwe

Association of Schistosoma haematobium Infection Morbidity and Severity on Co-infections status in Pre-school Age Children Living in a Rural Endemic Area in Zimbabwe

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