First report of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil

Cognato, Bianca Barbieri; Morassutti, Alessandra Loureiro; Silva, Ana Cristina Arámburu da; Graeff-Teixeira, Carlos

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0073-2013

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In Brazil, R. norvegicus and R. rattus have been found naturally infected by A. cantonensis in the state of Pará ( Moreira et al 2013 ), the first species also having been found infected in ES ( Caldeira et al 2007 ), RJ ( Simões et al 2011 ) and more recently in RS ( Cognato et al 2013 ), confirming the parasite’s endemicity. Different species of terrestrial gastropods and freshwater mollusks are involved in the lifecycle of A. cantonensis, acting as intermediate hosts.…”

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confidence: 87%

Brazilian Angiostrongylus cantonensis haplotypes, ac8 and ac9, have two different biological and morphological profiles

Monte

Gentile

Garcia

et al. 2014

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the etiologic agent of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans. Cases have been recorded in many parts of the world, including Brazil. The aim of this study was to compare the differences in the biology and morphology of two different Brazilian haplotypes of A. : ac8 and ac9. A significantly larger number of L1 larvae eliminated in the faeces of rodents at the beginning of the patent period was observed for ac9 haplotype and compared to the total of L1 larvae eliminated, there was a significant difference between the two haplotypes. The ac9 haplotype showed a significant difference in the proportion of female and male specimens (0.6:1), but the same was not observed for ac8 (1.2:1). The morphometric analysis showed that male and female specimens isolated from ac8 haplotype were significantly larger with respect to body length, oesophagus length, spicule length (male) and distance from the anus to the rear end (female) compared to specimens from ac9. The morphological analysis by light microscopy showed little variation in the level of bifurcations at the lateral rays in the right lobe of the copulatory bursa between the two haplotypes. The biological, morphological and morphometric variations observed between the two haplotypes agree with the observed variation at the molecular level using the cytochrome oxidase subunit I marker and reinforce the possible influence of geographical isolation on the development of these haplotypes.

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mentioning

confidence: 87%

Brazilian Angiostrongylus cantonensis haplotypes, ac8 and ac9, have two different biological and morphological profiles

Monte

Gentile

Garcia

et al. 2014

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…In the present study, laboratory isolation of the A. cantonensis strain was possible from the natural infection of R. norvegicus captured in the south zone of the city of São Paulo for the first time. In Brazil, natural infection by this nematode was reported in R. rattus and R. norvegicus in Pará State ( Moreira et al., 2013 ), R. norvegicus in Rio de Janeiro State ( Simões et al., 2011 , 2014 ) and in the port area of the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State ( Cognato et al., 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First record of natural infection by Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in Belocaulus willibaldoi and Rattus norvegicus in an urban area of São Paulo city, SP, Brazil

Mota

Melo

Pereira-Chioccola

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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Angiostrongylus cantonensis , a rat lungworm, is one of the leading causes of eosinophilic meningitis in humans. Infection in humans occurs by the ingestion of intermediate hosts, undercooked paratenic hosts or contaminated vegetables and fruits by mucus from infected molluscs. This zoonosis is widespread in tropical and subtropical areas of Southeast Asia, it has also been reported in the Pacific Islands as well as in other regions of Americas. In Brazil, human cases of angiostrongyliasis have been reported since 2007 in Southeast, Northeast, and South regions. In January 2011, we collected a batch of 30 Belocaulus willibaldoi slides in a neighborhood of São Paulo city (Parque Fernanda). Six of them were used for identifying species, and the others (24) were used in parasitological tests through digestion in peptic solution and then larvae isolation by the Rugai method. A total of 250 larvae were obtained and they had morphological traits of Angiostrongy lus spp. Later, four Golden hamsters ( Mesocricetus auratus ) were infected with 38 larvae that allowed the recovery of young worms from the brain and lungs of rodents on the 21 st and 30 th day of infection. In this same neighborhood we captured rodents ( Rattus norvegicus ) that, after necropsy led us to recovery of 22 adult worms in the pulmonary arteries (14 males and 8 females) in May 2011. The larvae and worms obtained from natural infection were evaluated by morphological and morphometric parameters, as well as biological behavior patterns and molecular profile. All methodologies identified the parasite as Angiostrongylus cantonensis . In this way, we report for the first time, the natural infection by A. cantonensis in intermediate ( B. willibaldoi ) and definitive ( R. norvegicus ) hosts in a new urban region of Brazil.

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“…In the laboratory, the life cycle of both A. cantonensis and A. costaricensis has been maintained through experimental infection of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) a freshwater pulmonate snail (Richards and Merritts, 1967;Tunholi-Alves et al, 2011;Bonfim et al, 2018). Taking in account the epidemiology of eosinophilic meningitis transmission, reports of A. fulica infected with A. cantonensis in 33 municipalities from 11 different Brazilian states (Thiengo and Fernandez, 2016;Cognato et al, 2016), and that the widely distributed A. fulica snails usually occur in dense populations which favors the contact of people with the parasite, A. fulica is considered the main vector for Angiostrongylus-associated eosinophilic meningitis in Brazil. Study of snail physiology, parasitology and immunity will likely provide inroads for improved or novel control strategies to extend the options to mediate the overall impact of invasive A. fulica 3 -Impact of nematode infection on Achatina fulica physiology.…”

Section: -Achatina Fulica Vector Of Parasitic Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology and immunity of the invasive giant African snail, Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica, intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Lima

Augusto

Pinheiro

et al. 2020

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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As one of the most successful invasive land snail species, Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica Bowdich, 1822 has achieved wide global distribution, particularly in (sub)tropical regions, with further dispersal likely due to climate change. This species of giant African snails (up to 17 cm shell length) is a pest that has extensive negative impact on agriculture and can serve as vector for several parasites, including Angiostrongylus cantonensis, a nematode parasite that causes (human) eosinophilic meningitis, an emergent disease. Investigation showed that A. cantonensis infection negatively impacts the metabolism of A. fulica by depleting polysaccharide stores of the intermediate host, compromising the energy balance of the snail. A review of the literature indicates that A. fulica possesses potent innate type immune defenses to counter infection, including phagocytic hemocytes capable of deploying reactive oxygen species and lectins for non-self recognition, a serine protease-dependent coagulation response (not observed in other taxa of gastropods), as well as antimicrobial proteins including achacin, an antimicrobial protein. A recent chromosome level genome assembly will facilitate progressively detailed characterization of these immune features of A. fulica. We strongly encourage further immunological studies of A. fulica, ranging from organismal level to molecular biology to gain better understanding of the A. fulica internal defense response to nematode pathogens like A. cantonensis and the contribution of immune function to the invasiveness of (snail) species. Characterization of immunity of A. fulica, representing the understudied Stylommatophora (panpulmonate landsnails) will also broaden the comparative immunology of Gastropoda. Highlights► The giant African snail Achatina fulica, the most widely distributed invasive pest land snail, will likely disperse further with climate change. ► Achatina fulica is intermediate host for the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis that causes eosinophilic meningitis. ► Study of metabolic and immunological aspects of this parasite host provide better understanding of epidemiology and inform on comparative immunology of gastropods.

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First report of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Brazilian Angiostrongylus cantonensis haplotypes, ac8 and ac9, have two different biological and morphological profiles

Brazilian Angiostrongylus cantonensis haplotypes, ac8 and ac9, have two different biological and morphological profiles

First record of natural infection by Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in Belocaulus willibaldoi and Rattus norvegicus in an urban area of São Paulo city, SP, Brazil

Physiology and immunity of the invasive giant African snail, Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica, intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

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