The nares as a CA-MRSA reservoir in the healthy elderly

Brito, Cristiane Silveira de; Queiroz, Lícia Ludendorff; Campos, Paola Amaral de; Batistão, Deivid William da Fonseca; Silva, Helisângela de Almeida; Agostini, Guilherme Gularte de; Filho, Paulo Pinto Gontijo; Ribas, Rosineide Marques

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0030-2015

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…aureus prevalence that used NP swabs showed a 13.3% carriage rate [4], similar to the result found in our study. Little information is available on MRSA carriage in elderly individuals, with rates varying from 0.7 to 2.0% in Portugal, Brazil, Australian, Danish, and British studies, very similar to our findings (2.3%) [4,28–31]. In contrast, a higher MRSA colonization rate was found in a Maltese study (4.8%) among 83 healthy elderly, and in a recent Brazilian study (3.7%) among elderly people living in a nursing home, which is a setting with a higher risk for MRSA reservoirs and a source of dissemination to hospital environments [5,34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In contrast, a higher MRSA colonization rate was found in a Maltese study (4.8%) among 83 healthy elderly, and in a recent Brazilian study (3.7%) among elderly people living in a nursing home, which is a setting with a higher risk for MRSA reservoirs and a source of dissemination to hospital environments [5,34]. None of the MRSA strains harbored virulence factor genes (i.e., PVL, TSST-1, and enterotoxins), similar to the results found in other studies [4,28,29]. However, we found that 20% of the MSSA isolates harbored these toxins and enterotoxins.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…High rates of S . aureus in nasal swabs among adults ≥ 60 years old from community have been described in Brazil (17.8%), Australia (23.1%), Denmark (24.1%), UK (25.8%) and Germany (28.5%) [28–32]. Another Brazilian study that investigated the rate of nasal S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus in a Brazilian elderly cohort

et al. 2019

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We aimed to investigate the nasopharyngeal colonization (NPC) by Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , and Staphylococcus aureus in the elderly population and to assess the demographic factors associated with NPC. This was an observational cohort study in which outpatients aged ≥60 years were enrolled from April to August 2017, with a follow-up visit from September through December 2017. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were collected, bacteria were detected and isolated, and isolates were subjected to phenotypic and molecular characterization using standard microbiological techniques. At enrolment, the rates of S . aureus , methicillin-resistant S . aureus (MRSA), H . influenzae , and S . pneumoniae among 776 elderly outpatients were 15.9%, 2.3%, 2.5%, and 2.2%, respectively. Toxin production was detected in 21.1% of methicillin-susceptible S . aureus , and three SCC mec types were identified: II/IIb, IVa, and VI. At the follow-up visit, all carriage rates were similar (p > 0.05) to the rates at enrolment. Most of S . pneumoniae serotypes were not included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), except for 7F, 3, and 19A. All strains of H . influenzae were non-typeable. Previous use of antibiotics and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination (p < 0.05) were risk factors for S . aureus and MRSA carriage; S . aureus colonization was also associated with chronic kidney disease (p = 0.021). S . pneumoniae carriage was associated with male gender (p = 0.032) and an absence of diabetes (p = 0.034), while not receiving an influenza vaccine (p = 0.049) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p = 0.031) were risk factors for H . influenzae colonization. The frailty of study participants was not associated with colonization status. We found a higher S . aureus carriage rate compared with the S . pneumoniae - and H . influenzae -carriage rates in a well-attended population in a geriatric outpatient clinic. This is one of the few studies conducted in Brazil that can support future colonization studies among elderly individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus in a Brazilian elderly cohort

et al. 2019

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“…The pathogenicity of E. faecalis can be attributed to the various virulence factors reported in clinical strains, including biofilm formation and the expression of surface adhesion components ( 31 ). Additional virulence factors identified are hemolysin/bacteriocin, aggregation substance, gelatinase, enterococcal surface protein (Esp), endocarditis-associated antigen, or capsular polysaccharides ( 32 – 36 ).…”

Section: The Case Study Of E Faecalismentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage therapy againstEnterococcus faecalisin dental root canals

Khalifa

Shlezinger

Beyth

et al. 2016

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Antibiotic resistance is an ever-growing problem faced by all major sectors of health care, including dentistry. Recurrent infections related to multidrug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospitals are untreatable and question the effectiveness of notable drugs. Two major reasons for these recurrent infections are acquired antibiotic resistance genes and biofilm formation. None of the traditionally known effective techniques have been able to efficiently resolve these issues. Hence, development of a highly effective antibacterial practice has become inevitable. One example of a hard-to-eradicate pathogen in dentistry is Enterococcus faecalis, which is one of the most common threats observed in recurrent root canal treatment failures, of which the most problematic to treat are its biofilm-forming VRE strains. An effective response against such infections could be the use of bacteriophages (phages). Phage therapy was found to be highly effective against biofilm and multidrug-resistant bacteria and has other advantages like ease of isolation and possibilities for genetic manipulations. The potential of phage therapy in dentistry, in particular against E. faecalis biofilms in root canals, is almost unexplored. Here we review the efforts to develop phage therapy against biofilms. We also focus on the phages isolated against E. faecalis and discuss the possibility of using phages against E. faecalis biofilm in root canals.

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“…Th e same year the term MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was coined, which is still in use, although methicillin is not used for the detection of this type of resistance any more. Th e most frequent mechanism of resistance to methicillin is the acquisition of mecA gene (2.1 kb), which is part of the mobile genetic element of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) (Oliveira et al, 2002;Schito, 2006, De Brito et al, 2015. MecA gene codes for the synthesis of the new penicillin-binding protein, PBP 2a (78 kD), which has low affi nity towards methicillin (Oliveira et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Presence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococci in Students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Belgrade

Rađenović

Ašanin

Aksentijević

et al. 2017

AVM

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Resistance to methicillin in staphylococci is considered to be one of the most dangerous forms of bacterial resistances to antibiotics. Methicillinresistant staphylococci (MRS) are zoonotic agents which cause local and systemic infections in humans and animals, oft en with a fatal outcome due to the absence of adequate antibiotic therapy. People colonized with strains of MRS are asymptomatic carriers and reservoirs of these strains in human populations. Th e aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of strains of MRS among clinically healthy students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Belgrade. Th e study was conducted on 100 volunteers: 62 males and 38 females. Given that staphylococci are expected to be found in the highest percentage in the nose and on the armpit skin, the swabs were taken from these regions of each person. Blood agar was innoculated immediately on taking the swabs Aft er the incubation and isolation, the staphylococci were identifi ed to species level. Their susceptibility to methicillin was tested in a disk-diff usion test with cefoxitin. All strains which were found to be resistant to cefoxitin were investigated for the presence of mecA gene with PCR. Staphylococci were isolated in 146 out of the 200 swabs taken: there were 79 nose swabs and 67 axillar swabs positive for these bacteria. Seventeen isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and the presence of the mecA gene was confi rmed in seven, four of which were taken from the nose and three from the axillary region. The results of this research show that, being 6%, the prevalence of mecA-positive staphylococci in the population of clinically healthy students of veterinary medicine is significant. Th e percentage of methicillin-resistant staphylococci was higher in nose than in the axillar region of the students.

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The nares as a CA-MRSA reservoir in the healthy elderly

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus in a Brazilian elderly cohort

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus in a Brazilian elderly cohort

Phage therapy againstEnterococcus faecalisin dental root canals

Investigation of Presence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococci in Students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Belgrade

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