Estonian response to COVID-19 pandemic: learning, cooperation, and the advantages of being a small country

Raudla, Ringa

doi:10.1590/0034-761220200414

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As the infections started to rise in March 2020, a state of emergency was imposed on March 11 and lasted until May 18, 2020. A total lockdown and Estonia’s well-operating healthcare system kept the mortality rate low and effectively restrained the virus (Raudla 2021 ). All restrictions, excluding limited freedom of movement, particularly international, and restricted public events and gatherings were subsequently removed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Gender Gaps in Employment, Wages, and Work Hours: Lower Inequalities and Higher Motherhood Penalty

Tverdostup

2022

Comp Econ Stud

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This paper investigates the dynamics and drivers of gender gaps in employment rates, wages, and work hours during the COVID-19 pandemic, relying on Estonian Labor Force Survey data for 2009–2020. We document that the pandemic has, if anything, reduced gender inequality in all three domains. The evolution of inequalities revealed cyclical pattern mirroring infection rate, with upswings largely driven by parenthood and gender segregation into industries. The results suggest that labor market penalties for women with young children and women employed in affected sectors may last longer than the pandemic, threatening to widen gender inequality in a long run. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1057/s41294-022-00198-z.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Gender Gaps in Employment, Wages, and Work Hours: Lower Inequalities and Higher Motherhood Penalty

Tverdostup

2022

Comp Econ Stud

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“…Szeroko badany był wpływ pandemii na finanse rządowe (Cho, Jérôme i Maurice, 2020;Hale i in., 2020;Joyce i Suryo Prabowo, 2020). Wynika z nich, że rządy przyjmują różne strategie działania (Bouckaert, Galli, Kuhlmann, Reiter i Van Hecke, 2020;Raudla, 2021). Niewiele jest opracowań dotyczących wpływu pandemii na gospodarkę i finanse jednostek samorządu terytorialnego (Ahrens i Ferry, 2020; Allain-Dupré, Chatry, Michalun i Moisio, 2020).…”

Section: Wstępunclassified

Odpowiedź polskich gmin na pierwszą falę kryzysu COVID-19

Kańduła¹,

Przybylska²

2022

Gospodarka W Cieniu Pandemii Covid-19

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Polish municipalities’ response to the first wave of the COVID -19 crisis Purpose: The purpose of this chapter is to identify the initial responses of municipalities to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The research questions posed were: What types of budgetary instruments were used by municipalities during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland? What was the scale of the loss of their current revenues and what was the amount of expenditures related to countering COVID-19? What were the sources of funding for these expenditures? Findings: Municipalities were, by necessity, on the front line of the fight against the effects of the pandemic. They used the available budgetary instruments (local taxes and fees, property revenues, budgetary expenditures) to limit the spread of the virus and reduce its negative consequences. These actions were not coordinated. The study revealed that revenue losses and expenditure increases due to COVID-19 were not as large as expected. Originality and value: The research in this chapter demonstrates that municipalities in Poland used different approaches to develop and implement policies to counteract the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigate its effects. The research shows that Polish municipalities played a leading role in the rapid response to the pandemic, although their actions varied and were uncoordinated.

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“…The impact of the pandemic on government finances has been widely studied (Cho & Kurpierz, 2020 ; Hale et al, 2020 ; Joyce & Suryo Prabowo, 2020 ). Governments were found to adopt widely varied action strategies (Bouckaert et al, 2020 ; Raudla, 2021 ). Few studies, however, analyzed the impact of the pandemic on the economy and finances of local governments (Ahrens & Ferry, 2020 ; OECD, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial instruments used by Polish municipalities in response to the first wave of COVID-19

Kańduła

Przybylska

2021

Public Organiz Rev

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Studies on the influence of COVID-19 on municipalities are scarce, although it was precisely municipalities that stood in the first line of combat. It is important to estimate the negative budgetary consequences of the crisis for municipalities and to detect potential patterns in the application of their anti-crisis financial instruments. Our study reveals that the initial response of Polish municipalities to the pandemic crisis in this area varied depending on their administrative type, the amount of current income per capita and the population size. However, the correlations between the applied income instruments and expenditures and the above factors were rather weak.

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Estonian response to COVID-19 pandemic: learning, cooperation, and the advantages of being a small country

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

COVID-19 and Gender Gaps in Employment, Wages, and Work Hours: Lower Inequalities and Higher Motherhood Penalty

COVID-19 and Gender Gaps in Employment, Wages, and Work Hours: Lower Inequalities and Higher Motherhood Penalty

Odpowiedź polskich gmin na pierwszą falę kryzysu COVID-19

Financial instruments used by Polish municipalities in response to the first wave of COVID-19

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