Vertical transmission and COVID-19: a scoping review

Oliveira, Karoline Faria de; Oliveira, Jacqueline Faria de; Wernet, Mônika; Paschoini, Marina Carvalho; Ruiz, Mariana Torreglosa

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0849

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, the risk of vertical transmission from mother to fetus has consistently been reported as being relatively low ( 93 ). While the transfer of non-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies is conserved in COVID-19 positive mothers, the transfer of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies is significantly compromised during the third trimester of pregnancy compared to the second trimester ( 94 ).…”

Section: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-cov-2)...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent review warned that most of the studies reported only the proportion of positive newborns without assessing congenital, perinatal, or breast milk transmission, and even when these variables were included the sample size was generally small ( 93 ). Moreover, no consensus has been achieved regarding study protocols; for example, newborns enrolled in different studies were diagnosed with different COVID-19 tests.…”

Section: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-cov-2)...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most cases (75%), newborns were tested by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal swabs, followed by RT-PCR of breast milk samples (60%), umbilical cord blood samples (53.3%), and amniotic fluid (46.7%). Also, most of the collected samples were discarded because they were contaminated or quantitatively insufficient ( 93 , 97 ). Thus, no definitive evidence has been obtained so far about the true rate of COVID-19 vertical transmission ( 93 , 98 , 99 ).…”

Section: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-cov-2)...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, most of the collected samples were discarded because they were contaminated or quantitatively insufficient ( 93 , 97 ). Thus, no definitive evidence has been obtained so far about the true rate of COVID-19 vertical transmission ( 93 , 98 , 99 ).…”

Section: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-cov-2)...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Vertical Transmission of Respiratory Viruses to the Offspring

et al. 2022

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Overt and subclinical maternal infections in pregnancy can have multiple and significant pathological consequences for the developing fetus, leading to acute perinatal complications and/or chronic disease throughout postnatal life. In this context, the current concept of pregnancy as a state of systemic immunosuppression seems oversimplified and outdated. Undoubtedly, in pregnancy the maternal immune system undergoes complex changes to establish and maintain tolerance to the fetus while still protecting from pathogens. In addition to downregulated maternal immunity, hormonal changes, and mechanical adaptation (e.g., restricted lung expansion) make the pregnant woman more susceptible to respiratory pathogens, such as influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Depending on the infectious agent and timing of the infection during gestation, fetal pathology can range from mild to severe, and even fatal. Influenza is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women than in the general population, and, especially during the third trimester of pregnancy, mothers are at increased risk of hospitalization for acute cardiopulmonary illness, while their babies show higher risk of complications such as prematurity, respiratory and neurological illness, congenital anomalies, and admission to neonatal intensive care. RSV exposure in utero is associated with selective immune deficit, remodeling of cholinergic innervation in the developing respiratory tract, and abnormal airway smooth muscle contractility, which may predispose to postnatal airway inflammation and hyperreactivity, as well as development of chronic airway dysfunction in childhood. Although there is still limited evidence supporting the occurrence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the high prevalence of prematurity among pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2 suggests this virus may alter immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface, affecting both the mother and her fetus. This review aims at summarizing the current evidence about the short- and long-term consequences of intrauterine exposure to influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 in terms of neonatal and pediatric outcomes.

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Section: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-cov-2)...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-cov-2)...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-cov-2)...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-cov-2)...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of Vertical Transmission of Respiratory Viruses to the Offspring

et al. 2022

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“…It is well-known that maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection could increase the risk of some respiratory disorders and could cause some other morbidities in neonates [21]. However, vertical transmission had not been demonstrated as a transmission route [22]. Anecdotal detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the fetal site of placenta by using different methods had brought a possibility of transplacental transmission and fetal infection [23].…”

Section: Vertical Routes (Mother To Children)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of COVID-19: What changed in one year?

Bulut¹,

Kato²

2021

Turk J Med Sci

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Basic reproduction number (Ro) as an indicator of the transmissibility of a virus is utilized frequently. Ro of COVID-19 was quite different among countries. It is well-known that its value was 3.2 in China whilst it was 2.2 in western European countries [7]. In a mathematic modeling, Ro values in Turkey and Japan were 1. 71 and 4.3, respectively [8]. In a metaanalysis, the pooled global Ro was found to be 4.08 [9]. Stated simply, the estimated summary reproductive number was 2.87 (95% CI, 2.39-3.44) [10]. As for time-varying reproduction number (Rt), it is the value for the population which was not completely susceptible and not fully adopted some prevention or control measures. In a study, upon evaluating Rt values for 160 countries, it can be expressed that this value was nearly 10 at the beginning of pandemic [11].

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