Sociodemographic and health profile of TB/HIV co-infection in Brazil: a systematic review

Abstract

Objective: to ascertain the epidemiological profile of TB/HIV co-infection in Brazilian scenarios. Method: this is a systematic review conducted via electronic search in databases PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS and SciELO, having as inclusion criterion articles based on the Brazilian scenario of TB/HIV co-infection. Results: of the total 174 studies, 15 were selected, revealing the epidemiological profile of the co-infection in different scenarios: male, economically active age, low education level, brown/black ethnicity, low income, heterosexual, pulmonary clinical form, alcoholism and Directly Observed Therapy. Conclusion: the sociodemographic and epidemiological profile of people with TB/HIV co-infection has an expected occurrence pattern, which corroborates articles found in the literature, either at national level or by grouping the studies according to region or state.

<p>Risk Stratification and Factors Associated with Abandonment of Tuberculosis Treatment in a Secondary Referral Unit</p>

“…The profile of patients receiving care in the secondary tuberculosis referral unit in this study matched the characteristics of tuberculosis patients reported in the literature. [16][17][18][19][20] Although the dropout rate in this study was high compared with the WHO target of 5%, it is important to highlight that the study setting was a secondary reference clinic for tuberculosis. Other studies on tuberculosis patients in referral units also report high abandonment rates varying from 14.6% to 24.0%.…”

“…Other studies on tuberculosis patients in referral units also report high abandonment rates varying from 14.6% to 24.0%. 16,17,19,21,22 A study comparing the different levels of care in Brazilian capitals showed that process and outcome indicators were better among patients who remained in primary care throughout the treatment period, and patients who were treated in secondary and tertiary care units had an abandonment rate of 22.7%, compared with only 16.8% in primary care. 23 A secondary referral unit for tuberculosis should ideally serve patients referred for clarification of case status, who follow special treatment regimens, report major adverse effects, and have comorbidities, where performing DOT together with primary care is recommended.…”

Occupational Tuberculosis Among Laboratory Workers in South Africa: Applying a Surveillance System to Strengthen Prevention and Control

“…"Pre-existing conditions" and "illness" were factors identified through OHASIS as associated with TB infection. This could be associated with HIV infection or other immune-lowering diseases, which are more prevalent in those with less education and lower socio-economic status, thus increasing the likelihood of TB infection [6,[18][19][20]. This highlights the well-documented observation that socio-economic status confers considerable risk for TB, and hence it is particularly important to ensure that policies and training are in place to protect these workers in the work environment.…”

Os incentivos e as medidas de proteção social na adesão de pacientes ao tratamento da tuberculose no município de São Paulo

“…No presente estudo, a população vivendo com HIV/AIDS apresentou menor taxa de cura do que a população sem HIV. O profissional de saúde deve ficar atento ao processo de adesão dessa população, pois ela apresenta algumas especificidades durante o seguimento do tratamento, como: maior ocorrência de falha terapêutica e resistência aos fármacos, eventos adversos, em especial, os mais graves, e interação medicamentosa entre os fármacos anti-TB e antirretrovirais (Brasil, 2019b (Bastos et al, 2019;Brasil, 2019b).…”

“…De fato, o TDO é estratégia fundamental a ser adotada no caso de populações vulneráveis (Gupta et al, 2018;Bastos et al, 2019 (Müller et al, 2018). Assim, o tratamento supervisionado tem-se mostrado como excelente ferramenta aos profissionais de saúde, pois, se operacionalizado de forma adequada, propiciaria uma relação de vínculo e confiança entre o paciente e o profissional de saúde.…”