Cystatin C as a potential biomarker to evaluate migraine

Abstract

<jats:p>ABSTRACT Background: Migraine is a multifactorial neurovascular syndrome and closely associated to inflammation. Cystatin C (Cys C) is a neuroendocrine polypeptide which also plays a role in inflammation. Objective: To investigate the levels of Cys C in migraine patients without aura. Methods: A total of 80 participants were included in the study; 40 patients and 40 healthy controls. Serum Cys C levels were investigated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 (SPSS Inc, IL, USA). Results: Serum Cys C levels were found as 73.88 ng/mL in the patient group and 24.92 ng/mL in the healthy control group, being significantly higher among patients (p=0.000). Serum Cys C levels were significacntly different across age subgroups among patients (p=0.049), but not among controls. However, visual analog scale (VAS) (p=0.707), disease duration time (p=0.725) and body mass index (p=0.136) were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that high serum Cys C levels are independently associated to migraine without aura. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the serum levels of Cys C in patients with migraine. Thus, serum Cys C may be a potential biomarker of migraine.</jats:p>

Migraine with Brainstem Aura Accompanied by Disorders of Consciousness

“…However, it is still necessary to pay attention to the consequences of long-term CGRP blockade, especially when combined with ischemic diseases and when other anti-migraine drugs are used. 72 In recent years, there have been some potential biomarkers that can be measured in plasma for migraine patients: (1) the abundance of CD4+ effector memory helper T lymphocytes; 73 (2) high serum cystatin C level; 74 (3) elevated plasma CGRP level; 75-77 (4) increased Apo E protein levels; 78 (5) mRNA expression of prostacyclin receptor in peripheral blood lymphocytes; 79 (6) increased interictal vasoactive intestinal peptide level; 80 (7) decreased serum S100B level. 81 Among the abovementioned biomarkers, CGRP seems to be a popular target.…”