Salomón Hakim: the man behind normal pressure hydrocephalus

Pedro, Matheus Kahakura Franco; Silva, Joseph Franklin Chenisz da; Rocha, Samanta Fabricio Blattes da; Germiniani, Francisco Manoel Branco; Ramina, Ricardo; Teive, Hélio Afonso Ghizoni; Souza, Ricardo Krause Martinez de

doi:10.1590/0004-282x20190096

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…There is an enormous effort from some research groups, including the Hydrocephalus Center of Excellence at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá and others, to raise awareness. [24][25][26][27][28] Epilogue Sometimes, within the name you find the man. Salomón was the wisest king of Israel in the Book of Kings of the Old Testament.…”

Section: Legacy Impact In Science and The Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salomón Hakim, MD (1922–2011): A honeymoon with Neurosurgery

2021

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Salomón Hakim (1922–2011) was a Colombian neurosurgeon and brain scientist This biography examines the social and cultural background through which he emerged as an inquisitive and multi-dimensional surgeon-scientist, and his lifelong contributions to the specialty of neurosurgery. With empirical knowledge in applied medical physics, electronics, electricity and chemistry, he understood the paradoxical phenomenon of symptomatic hydrocephalus with normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure. This ultimately led Hakim to describe in exquisite detail the physics of the cranial cavity and brain hydrodynamics. His name is intertwined with the identification of the entity of a syndrome which had not previously been addressed in the medical literature: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (Hakim's syndrome). Additionally, he designed and built various models of valved shunting devices to treat the condition (eg the Hakim programmable valve). Through his selflessness and cogent work, Hakim left a legacy and intellectual heritage that has allowed many colleagues worldwide to save thousands of lives who would be otherwise condemned to oblivion.

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Section: Legacy Impact In Science and The Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an enormous effort from some research groups, including the Hydrocephalus Center of Excellence at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá and others, to raise awareness. 24–28…”

Section: Legacy Impact In Science and The Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Salomón Hakim, MD (1922–2011): A honeymoon with Neurosurgery

2021

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“…The condition was first described by Hakim and Adams in 1957 in Columbia. 1,2 The term NPH is used to denote the classical triad of gait abnormalities, cognitive dysfunction, and urinary urgency and incontinence. It is linked to expansion of cerebral ventricles without an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the Devil Within: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus—A Narrative Review

Garg

Chaudhry

2022

Indian Journal of Neurosurgery

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Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is the most frequently occurring form of hydrocephalus among adults. It is characterized clinically by the classical triad, called Hakim's triad, comprising gait issues, cognitive impairment, and urinary problems. NPH may be primary or idiopathic (iNPH) or secondary. Characteristic neuroimaging features occur, which are vital to diagnosis. Diagnostic criteria in the form of Japanese guideline and Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2005 guidelines have been devised, and broadly, are based on a constellation of clinical and neuroimaging features, in association with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing. CSF tap test, extended lumbar drainage, and CSF infusion tests are invasive diagnostic tests. CSF tap test and extended lumbar drainage are used to demonstrate clinical reversibility with CSF drainage, and patients who demonstrate this are candidates for CSF shunting. However, due to the low negative predictive value of these tests, potential response to shunting cannot be negated among patients who do not respond to CSF drainage. Various shunting procedures are used for treatment, including ventriculoperitoneal, lumboperitoneal, and ventriculoatrial shunts. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy has also been attempted with limited success. Among the clinical features, gait abnormalities are most responsive to shunting. Persistent long-term response to shunting has been reported. Patients need to be meticulously followed up after the shunting procedure, to assess clinical and neuroimaging response, and detect possible shunt-related complications, especially CSF over-drainage. Early treatment is associated with better prognosis, and it is crucial to recognize and treat this condition before the development of severe symptoms.

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“…O distúrbio neurológico é caracterizado por uma tríade de sintomas, composta de apraxia de marcha, demência e incontinência urinária (PEDRO et al, 2019). Além disso, os indivíduos mais acometidos pela doença são idosos entre 70 à 80 anos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified