Screening for Alzheimer's disease in low-educated or illiterate older adults in Brazil: a systematic review

Ortega, Luciane de Fátima Viola; Aprahamian, Ivan; Borges, Marcus Kiiti; Cação, João de Castilho; Yassuda, Mônica Sanches

doi:10.1590/0004-282x20190024

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Finally, low-level of education is beside age, one the main risk of dementia (Livingston et al, 2017 ). Unavailability of BCS properly validate in low -education and illiterate subjects is a strong barrier to diagnosis dementia in this population and there is an urgent need to validate BCS suitable for this population (Ortega et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Validity of Brief Cognitive Screenings for Early Dementia Detection in Spanish-Speaking Adults in Latin America

Custodio

Duque²,

Montesinos

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of brief cognitive screening (BCS) tools designed to diagnose mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia in Spanish-speaking individuals over the age of 50 years from Latin America (LA). Methods: A systematic search of titles and abstracts in Medline, Biomed Central, Embase, Scopus, Scirus, PsycINFO, LILACS, and SciELO was conducted. Inclusion criteria were papers written in English or Spanish involving samples from Spanish-speaking Latin American individuals published until 2018. Standard procedures were applied for reviewing the literature. The data related to the study sample, methodology, and procedures applied, as well as the performance obtained with the corresponding BCS, were collected and systematized. Results: Thirteen of 211 articles met the inclusion criteria. The studies primarily involved memory clinic-based samples, with the exception of two studies from an adult day-care center, one from a primary care clinic, and one from a community-based sample. All the studies originated from five of the 20 countries of LA and all used standardized diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of dementia and MCI; however, the diagnostic protocols applied differed. Most studies reported samples with an average of 10 years of education and only one reported a sample with an average of <5 years of education. No publication to date has included an illiterate population. Although the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) is the most widely-used BCS tool in LA, it is significantly influenced by education level. Conclusions: Although evidence is still limited, the findings from studies on LA populations suggest that MoCA requires cultural adaptations and different cutoff points according to education level. Moreover, the diagnostic validity of the INECO frontal Custodio et al. Brief Cognitive Screenings to Dementia in Latin-America screening (IFS) test should be evaluated in populations with a low level of education. Given the heterogeneity that exists in the levels of education in LA, more studies involving illiterate and indigenous populations are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Validity of Brief Cognitive Screenings for Early Dementia Detection in Spanish-Speaking Adults in Latin America

Custodio

Duque²,

Montesinos

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…29 In these scenarios, characterized by a population with a more diverse culture and education background, other options seem to have advantages but are better for detecting dementia than MCI. 25,30 Analyses comparing medical diagnosis to the assessment of processing speed measures reached similar results. 31 Therefore, there is still room for discussion on how to detect MCI, especially considering its heterogeneity and considering the different contexts seen in LMIC and HIC.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 66%

Mild cognitive impairment history and current procedures in low- and middle-income countries: a brief review

Hartle

Charchat‐Fichman

2021

Dement. neuropsychol.

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ABSTRACT. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a widely studied concept that has changed over time. Epidemiology, diagnosis, costs, prognostics, screening procedures, and categorization have been extensively discussed. However, unified guidelines are still not available, especially considering differences between low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC). Objectives: To contextualize and identify the main areas under investigation regarding MCI diagnosis and to investigate how much of the current knowledge is compatible with the diagnosis in an LMIC. Methods: This brief review followed the framework outlined for a scoping review and goes through the history of MCI and its diagnosis, the differences and relevance of LMIC research regarding the concept, and the current criteria for diagnosis. Results: Results show that the unique characteristics of LMIC influence the development of cognitive decline and how suitable procedures suggested by HIC can be used by LMIC to identify pathological aging processes in their early stages. Conclusion: Neuropsychological assessment of activities of daily living performance, considering the difference between omission and commission errors, is a more accessible course of action as a screening procedure for cognitive decline in LMIC.

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“…The main instruments recommended for cognitive assessment in AD in Brazil are presented below. Given the country’s socio-cultural and educational heterogeneity, it is advisable to use instruments with cutoff scores adjustable by level of education to avoid false-positive results in the diagnostic process 38 . The instruments are subdivided into cognitive screening tests, specific tests for evaluating different cognitive domains, and instruments for assessing functionality ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Clinical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnóstico da doença de Alzheimer: recomendações do Departamento Científico de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Envelhecimento da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia

Schilling

Balthazar

Radanovic

et al. 2022

Dement. neuropsychol.

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RESUMO Este artigo apresenta o consenso realizado pelo Departamento Científico de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Envelhecimento da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia sobre os critérios diagnósticos da Doença de Alzheimer (DA) no Brasil. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura e dos critérios clínicos e de pesquisa para DA, sendo propostos protocolos para o diagnóstico de DA em níveis de atenção primária, secundária e terciária. Dentro deste cenário clínico, são apresentados os critérios diagnósticos para DA típica e atípica, além de instrumentos de avaliação clínica, cognitiva e funcional; bem como propedêutica complementar com exames laboratoriais e de neuroimagem. A utilização de biomarcadores é também apresentada, tanto para o diagnóstico clínico em situações específicas quanto para pesquisa.

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Screening for Alzheimer's disease in low-educated or illiterate older adults in Brazil: a systematic review

Cited by 11 publications

References 54 publications

Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Validity of Brief Cognitive Screenings for Early Dementia Detection in Spanish-Speaking Adults in Latin America

Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Validity of Brief Cognitive Screenings for Early Dementia Detection in Spanish-Speaking Adults in Latin America

Mild cognitive impairment history and current procedures in low- and middle-income countries: a brief review

Diagnóstico da doença de Alzheimer: recomendações do Departamento Científico de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Envelhecimento da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia

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