Transient global amnesia: an intriguing yet benign disturbance

Pantoni, Leonardo

doi:10.1590/0004-282x20180151

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…TGA is often associated with distress (i.e., acute headache, strenuous activity, coitus, etc. ), and it is characterized by repeating the same question over and over, repeatedly asking where he/she is, and total anterograde memory loss [ 3 ]. Studies regarding the neurobiological basis of TGA and its possible pharmacological interventions have been largely inconclusive [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice: Effects of PEA-OXA on Memory Retrieval and Hippocampal LTP

Belardo,

Boccella,

Perrone

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Transient global amnesia, both persistent and transient, is a very common neuropsychiatric syndrome. Among animal models for amnesia and testing new drugs, the scopolamine test is the most widely used for transient global amnesia (TGA). This study examined the scopolamine-induced deficits in working memory, discriminative memory, anxiety, and motor activity in the presence of intranasal PEA-OXA, a dual antagonist of presynaptic α2 and H3 receptors. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with intraperitoneal scopolamine (1 mg/kg) with or without pre-treatment (15 min) or post-treatment (15 min) with intranasal PEA-OXA (10 mg/kg). It was seen that scopolamine induced deficits of discriminative and spatial memory and motor deficit. These changes were associated with a loss of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus: impaired LTP after lateral entorhinal cortex/perforant pathway tetanization. Furthermore, hippocampal Ach levels were increased while ChA-T expression was reduced following scopolamine administration. PEA-OXA either prevented or restored the scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits (discriminative and spatial memory). However, the same treatment did not affect the altered motor activity or anxiety-like behavior induced by scopolamine. Consistently, electrophysiological analysis showed LTP recovery in the DG of the hippocampus, while the Ach level and ChoA-T were normalized. This study confirms the neuroprotective and pro-cognitive activity of PEA-OXA (probably through an increase in the extracellular levels of biogenic amines) in improving transient memory disorders for which the available pharmacological tools are obsolete or inadequate and not directed on specific pathophysiological targets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice: Effects of PEA-OXA on Memory Retrieval and Hippocampal LTP

Belardo,

Boccella,

Perrone

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The distribution of the transient global amnesia in the province of Ferrara, Italy, a clue to the pathogenesis?

et al. 2020

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The long-term prognosis of Transient Global Amnesia: a systematic review

Liampas

Raptopoulou

Siokas

et al. 2021

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) constitutes an enigmatic amnestic condition. In view of the admittedly limited knowledge regarding the nature of TGA, we decided to systematically review existing evidence for the generally regarded benign course of the disease. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsycINFO were searched for relevant articles. Observational (case-control, cross-sectional and cohort) controlled studies were retrieved. TGA diagnosis was made according to the diagnostic criteria of Caplan, validated by Hodges and Warlow. The TGA group was compared with either healthy controls (HC) or/and individuals with transient ischaemic attacks (TIA). The long-term risks of dementia, epilepsy, psychological-emotional disturbances, as well as long-term vascular and (vascular or nonvascular) mortality risks, were evaluated. Quality assessment was based on the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Literature search provided 12 eligible articles. Retrospective, prospective or mixed cohort designs were implemented in every study. Five articles registered a high quality, five registered a moderate quality, while two articles were assessed as part of the grey literature (conference abstract, abstract in English-article in Spanish). Overall, retrieved evidence was suggestive of similar vascular and mortality risks in TGA patients and HC, while TIA individuals exhibited elevated risks. Moreover, psychological disturbances were comparable between TGA and healthy individuals. On the other hand, studies for dementia and epilepsy obtained contradictory results, indicating both a similar and an increased risk in the TGA group compared to the HC group. Therefore, additional high-quality studies are warranted for the acquisition of more determining conclusions regarding the long-term risk of dementia and epilepsy in TGA.

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Transient global amnesia: an intriguing yet benign disturbance

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice: Effects of PEA-OXA on Memory Retrieval and Hippocampal LTP

Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice: Effects of PEA-OXA on Memory Retrieval and Hippocampal LTP

The distribution of the transient global amnesia in the province of Ferrara, Italy, a clue to the pathogenesis?

The long-term prognosis of Transient Global Amnesia: a systematic review

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