Unusual motor and non-motor symptoms and signs in the early stage of Parkinson’s disease

Teive, Hélio Afonso Ghizoni; Filho, Délcio Caran Bertucci; Munhoz, Renato P.

doi:10.1590/0004-282x20160126

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Visual dysfunction has long been considered a non-motor symptom of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD). The association between iPD and loss of color vision is well-established in the literature ( 1 – 3 ), and color discrimination deficit could potentially serve as an early marker of iPD ( 4 – 6 ). Although several underlying mechanisms have been proposed, the connection between iPD pathogenesis and decline in visual capabilities remains incompletely understood ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Use of a Modified STROOP Test to Assess Color Discrimination Deficit in Parkinson's Disease

Langston

Virmani

2018

Front. Neurol.

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Objective: To objectively measure color vision dysfunction in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) using an easily administered, essentially free, modified Stroop test.Methods: Sixty-one iPD patients and 26 age-matched controls (HC) were enrolled after IRB approval and performed congruent (CST) and incongruent (IST) modified Stroop tests consisting of 40 words in 10 colors arranged in a 5 x 8 grid. The scorer was blinded to participant diagnosis. Errors on IST were defined as type 1 (written word reported rather than color) or type 2 (color reported different from the written word or its color).Results: The iPD group and the control group completed testing with similar CST performance. On the IST, 75.4% of iPD patients had type 2 errors (p = 0.001, OR 4.907, 95%CI 1.838–13.097) compared to 38.5% HC, with a positive predictive value of 82%. The mean number of type 2 errors was also higher in the iPD group, even with MoCA scores as a covariate in the analysis. Type 1 errors were not significantly different between the groups. A univariate logistic regression model with age, gender, MoCA, normalized IST completion time and the presence/absence of type 2 errors also resulted in type 2 errors as the only significant factor in the equation (p = 0.026).Conclusions: The modified Stroop test incorporated into the clinical evaluation of a patient may provide a quick and inexpensive objective measure of a non-motor feature of iPD, which could help in the clinical diagnosis of iPD in conjunction with the motor assessments currently used by neurologists.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Use of a Modified STROOP Test to Assess Color Discrimination Deficit in Parkinson's Disease

Langston

Virmani

2018

Front. Neurol.

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“…Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, with median age‐standardized annual incidence rates in high‐income countries of 14 per 100 000 individuals in the total population, and 160 per 100 000 among those aged 65 years or older . The clinical features of PD include resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and gesture failure, with a higher risk of nonmotor symptoms, including cognitive impairment and dementia . The main pathological changes in PD are the degeneration and death of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra and significant decreases in dopamine in the striatum, resulting in an imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine transmitters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the exact mechanism underlying the PD remains unclear . Diagnosis of PD mainly depends on the medical history and clinical symptoms, which are easy to misdiagnose …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated analysis of exosomal lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles reveals the involvement of lnc‐MKRN2‐42:1 in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease

et al. 2019

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Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common movement disorder for which diagnosis mainly depends on the medical history and clinical symptoms. Exosomes are now considered an additional mechanism for intercellular communication, allowing cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and genetic material. Long noncoding (lnc) RNA in exosomes plays a critical role in many diseases, including neurodegenerative disease.Aim: To study expression differences for lncRNAs in peripheral blood exosomes of PD patients compared with healthy individuals and to look for lncRNAs that might be related to the pathogenesis of PD. Materials and Methods:We recruited PD patients along with age-and sex-matched healthy individuals as healthy controls and evaluated levels of lncRNAs extracted from exosomes in plasma samples via next-generation sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR. Correlation analysis was conducted for the clinical characteristics of PD patients and the expression of selected lncRNAs.

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“…The condition affects nearly 1% of general population over 65 years of age and average period between the times of diagnosis and death is some 15 years 2 . IPD is characterized by such motor symptoms as bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and postural instability 3 . Although motor symptoms of IPD are superior to clinical spectrum, most patients with IPD have also other complaints referred to as non-motor symptoms 4 .…”

Section: Amongmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation Of Quality Of Life Of Relatives Caring For Patients With Parkinson’s Disease

Odabaş

Uca²

2018

Dicle Tıp Dergisi

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Objective: To evaluate quality of life (QoL) of relatives taking care of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IDP).Methods: Sixty patients with IPD and 60 patients' relatives were included into the study, and 50 healthy individuals consisted of the controls. In the study group, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)scores and the Hoehn-Yahr Scale (HYS) stages were determined. Depression levels of the IPD patient's relatives and the controls were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), while pain and fatigue levels were found via the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and QoL was assessed with shorth form-36 (SF-36).Findings: When the relatives of patients with IPD were compared with the controls, a statistically significance was found between pain, fatigue and depression levels and SF-36 physical and mental component scores. While a positive correlation was observed between patient's UPDRS scores, and relatives' BDI, pain and fatigue levels, a negative correlation was found between SF-36 component and SF-36 physical component scores in these groups.Conclusions: Decreasing QoL significantly, IPD is a disorder affecting considerably both patients and their relatives' lives and not only patients but also their relatives are influenced from the condition on a large scale. As the disease progresses, the influence becomes defined and an increase is seen in clinical findings while a decrease is witnessed in QoL of IPD patients and their relatives.

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Unusual motor and non-motor symptoms and signs in the early stage of Parkinson’s disease

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Use of a Modified STROOP Test to Assess Color Discrimination Deficit in Parkinson's Disease

Use of a Modified STROOP Test to Assess Color Discrimination Deficit in Parkinson's Disease

Integrated analysis of exosomal lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles reveals the involvement of lnc‐MKRN2‐42:1 in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease

The Evaluation Of Quality Of Life Of Relatives Caring For Patients With Parkinson’s Disease

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