Brain involvement in H7N9 bird flu: a topic for consideration

Wiwanitkit, Somsri; Wiwanitkit, Viroj

doi:10.1590/0004-282x20130133

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This effect on genes involved in neuron development confirms earlier reports of Alzheimer-like effects in mice infected with H5N1 [ 36 ] and possible association with Parkinsonism [ 37 ]. It also ties in with recent reports of brain damage caused by H7N9 in humans [ 38 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In the chicken ileum response to H5N1 at 1 dpi, many genes involved in lipid metabolism and binding are also up-regulated, while neuronal-associated genes were notably down-regulated. The effect on neural processes during influenza infection has been reported in recent studies [ 36 – 38 ]. Analysis of the presence of transcription factor binding sites amongst down-regulated genes highlighted an enrichment of genes with binding sites for ELF1 (implicated in T-cell responses and lipid metabolism) and ETV4 (involved in B-cell responses) in chicken.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparative analysis of host responses to avian influenza infection in ducks and chickens highlights a role for the interferon-induced transmembrane proteins in viral resistance

et al. 2015

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BackgroundChickens are susceptible to infection with a limited number of Influenza A viruses and are a potential source of a human influenza pandemic. In particular, H5 and H7 haemagglutinin subtypes can evolve from low to highly pathogenic strains in gallinaceous poultry. Ducks on the other hand are a natural reservoir for these viruses and are able to withstand most avian influenza strains.ResultsTranscriptomic sequencing of lung and ileum tissue samples from birds infected with high (H5N1) and low (H5N2) pathogenic influenza viruses has allowed us to compare the early host response to these infections in both these species. Chickens (but not ducks) lack the intracellular receptor for viral ssRNA, RIG-I and the gene for an important RIG-I binding protein, RNF135. These differences in gene content partly explain the differences in host responses to low pathogenic and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in chicken and ducks. We reveal very different patterns of expression of members of the interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM) gene family in ducks and chickens. In ducks, IFITM1, 2 and 3 are strongly up regulated in response to highly pathogenic avian influenza, where little response is seen in chickens. Clustering of gene expression profiles suggests IFITM1 and 2 have an anti-viral response and IFITM3 may restrict avian influenza virus through cell membrane fusion. We also show, through molecular phylogenetic analyses, that avian IFITM1 and IFITM3 genes have been subject to both episodic and pervasive positive selection at specific codons. In particular, avian IFITM1 showed evidence of positive selection in the duck lineage at sites known to restrict influenza virus infection.ConclusionsTaken together these results support a model where the IFITM123 protein family and RIG-I all play a crucial role in the tolerance of ducks to highly pathogenic and low pathogenic strains of avian influenza viruses when compared to the chicken.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1778-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative analysis of host responses to avian influenza infection in ducks and chickens highlights a role for the interferon-induced transmembrane proteins in viral resistance

et al. 2015

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show abstract

“…Although there is only one published case, it is expected that there will be the continuum. For any new emerging infection, Wiwanitkit and Wiwanitki previously noted for the necessity for the neurologist to focus on the possible neurological complication 3 . For the present scenario of emerging H6N1 influenza, the attention is also needed.…”

Section: Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%