Traumatic injuries of peripheral nerves: a review with emphasis on surgical indication

Abstract

Traumatic peripheral nerve injury is a dramatic condition present in many of the injuries to the upper and lower extremities. An understanding of its physiopathology and selection of a suitable time for surgery are necessary for proper treatment of this challenging disorder. This article reviews the physiopathology of traumatic peripheral nerve injury, considers the most used classification, and discusses the main aspects of surgical timing and treatment of such a condition.

Crioterapia Em Modelo De Compressão Do Nervo Isquiático: Análise Funcional E Morfológica

“…2 Dependendo do tipo da lesão, pode haver recuperação espontânea ou ser necessário uma intervenção cirúrgica ou terapêutica para minimizar os danos causados pela lesão. [3][4][5] Em relação ao tratamento, existem diversas técnicas que podem ser utilizadas dentro da fisioterapia, como a crioterapia, um tipo de termoterapia em que se aplica o frio como agente terapêutico. 6 A crioterapia induz a redução da temperatura corporal, que diminui a taxa metabólica dos tecidos, as reações enzimáticas, a liberação de histamina, leva à vasoconstrição com consequente diminuição do fluxo sanguíneo, permeabilidade da membrana e edema.…”

Transplantation of Embryonic Spinal Cord Derived Cells Helps to Prevent Muscle Atrophy after Peripheral Nerve Injury

“…Although there are treatments, such as end-to-end repair and conduits for nerve injuries that involve helping the host axons to regenerate and re-establish connections with target muscle, time is still the limiting factor for axon regeneration [2,3]. When the distance from the injury site to the target muscle is too long, for instance, following brachial plexus injury, the axonal regeneration at 1 mm/day [2,4] would take more than a year after injuries of nerves innervating muscles in the lower limbs.…”

In vivo targeted peripheral nerve imaging with a nerve-specific nanoscale magnetic resonance probe

“…Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common injury that can result in dysfunction or permanent disability [1][2][3]. Currently, the standard diagnosis for PNI mostly depends on a combination of clinical examination with neuroelectrophysiology approaches [4,5].…”

“…The diagnostic accuracy for patients with PNI is generally poor [4,5]. Most patients with higher than a 3rd degree of PNI according to Sunderland's classification need surgical repair; therefore, the preoperative navigation of the lesion region of PNI is important to the repair [3,6]. However, clinical examination and neuroelectrophysiology do not provide sufficient information for current surgical repair.…”

“…MRI probes for biomolecular recognition are of great importance in the fields of chemistry, biology, medical sciences and biotechnology. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO)-based molecular MRI probes have been used to study biological processes [3,[26][27][28][29][30][31]. In summary, MRI is the best potential tool for PNI molecular imaging.…”