Brain tissue oxidative damage as a possible mechanism for the deleterious effect of a chronic high dose of estradiol on learning and memory in ovariectomized rats

Khodabandehloo, Fatemeh; Hosseini, Mahmoud; Rajaei, Ziba; Soukhtanloo, Mohammad; Farrokhi, Esmaeil; Rezaeipour, Mohsen

doi:10.1590/0004-282x20130027

Cited by 55 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Ovarian hormones not only play an important role in reproductive behavior, but also involve in emotion, memory, neuronal survival and perception of somatosensory stimuli 3,11 . On the other hand, mood disorders in women have been reported to be more common than men 12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides of genetic, social, environmental and nutritional factors, it is suggested that sex hormones may have important roles in the pathogenesis of anxiety 2 . Interestingly, it is suggested that estrogen has protective roles against depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and anxiety 3,4 . Similar to antidepressant drugs, estrogens are also known to increase the amounts of noradrenaline and serotonin in the CNS which may have role for regulating the mood and decreasing the susceptibility to depression 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tamoxifen antagonizes the effects of ovarian hormones to induce anxiety and depression-like behavior in rats

Azizi-Malekabadi

Pourganji

Zabihi

et al. 2015

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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The effects of tamoxifen (TAM) on anxiety and depression-like behavior in ovariectomized (OVX) and naïve female rats were investigated. The animals were divided into Sham-TAM, OVX-TAM, Sham and OVX groups. Tamoxifen (1 mg/kg) was administered for 4 weeks. In the forced swimming test, the immobility times in the OVX and Sham-TAM groups were higher than in the Sham group. In the open field, the numbers of central crossings in the OVX and Sham-TAM groups were lower than the number in the Sham group, and the number of peripheral crossings in the OVX group was lower than the number in the Sham group. In the elevated plus maze, the numbers of entries to the open arm among the animals in the Sham-TAM and OVX groups were lower than the number in the Sham group, while the number of entries to the open arm in the OVX-TAM group was higher than the number in the OVX group. It was shown that deletion of ovarian hormones induced anxiety and depression-like behavior. Administration of tamoxifen in naïve rats led to anxiety and depression-like behavior that was comparable with the effects of ovarian hormone deletion. It can be suggested that tamoxifen antagonizes the effects of ovarian hormones. It also seems that tamoxifen has anxiolytic effects on ovariectomized rats.Keywords: rat, ovariectomized, tamoxifen, depression, forced swimming test, open field, elevated plus maze. RESUMOForam investigados os efeitos do tamoxifeno (TAM) no comportamento semelhante a ansiedade de depressão de ratas ooforectomizadas (OVX) e controles. Os animais foram divididos em Sham-TAM, OVX-TAM, Sham e OVX groups. Tamoxifeno (1 mg/kg) foi administrado por quatro semanas. No teste de natação forçada, os tempos de imobilidade nos grupos OVX e Sham-TAM foram maiores que aqueles do grupo Sham. No campo aberto, os números de cruzamento no centro nos grupos OVX e Sham-TAM foram menores que aquele do grupo Sham, e o número dos cruzamentos na periferia no grupo OVX foi menor que o número no grupo Sham. No labirinto elevado, os números de entradas com braços abertos entre os animais nos grupos Sham-TAM e OVX foram menores do que aqueles do grupo Sham, enquanto o número de entradas com os braços abertos no grupo OVX-TAM foi maior que aquele no grupo OVX. Foi observado que a deleção dos hormônios ovarianos induziu comportamento similar a ansiedade e depressão. A administração de tamoxifeno em ratos controle induziu a um comportamento que era comparável aos efeitos da deleção do hormônio ovariano. Pode ser sugerido que o tamoxifeno antagoniza os efeitos dos hormônios ovarianos. Parece também que o tamoxifeno tem efeito ansiolítico nas ratas ooforectomizadas.Palavras-chave: rato, ooforectomia, tamoxifeno, depressão, teste de natação forçada, campo aberto, labirinto elevado.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tamoxifen antagonizes the effects of ovarian hormones to induce anxiety and depression-like behavior in rats

Azizi-Malekabadi

Pourganji

Zabihi

et al. 2015

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

Self Cite

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“…The absorbance was read at 535 nm. The MDA concentration was calculated according to follow equation 18 . C (M) = Absorbance / 1.56 × 10 Determination of total thiol contents DTNB (2, 2'-dinitro-5, 5'-dithiodibenzoic acid) reagent which reacts with the SH group, was used to determine the total thiol contents.…”

Section: Mda Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absorbance of DTNB reagent was also read as a blank (B). Total thiol concentration (mM) was calculated as follow equation 18 . Total thiol concentration (mM) = (A2 -A1 -B) × 1.07 / 0.05 × 13.6…”

Section: Mda Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment in rats is preventable using 7-nitroindazole

Anaeigoudari

Shafei

Soukhtanloo

et al. 2015

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Inflammation and oxidative stress have important roles in memory impairment. The effect of 7-nitroindazole (7NI) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory impairment was investigated. Rats were used, divided into four groups that were treated as follows: (1) control (saline); (2) LPS; (3) 7NI-LPS; and (4) 7NI before passive avoidance (PA). In the LPS group, the latency for entering the dark compartment was shorter than in the controls (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001); while in the 7NI-LPS group, it was longer than in the LPS group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolite concentrations in the brain tissues of the LPS group were higher than in the controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05); while in the 7NI-LPS group, they were lower than in the LPS group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). The thiol content in the brain of the LPS group was lower than in the controls (p < 0.001); while in the 7NI-LPS group, it was higher than in the LPS group (p < 0.001). It is suggested that brain tissue oxidative damage and NO elevation have a role in the deleterious effects of LPS on memory retention that are preventable using 7NI.

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“…Learning and memory in ovariectomized rats appears to be affecting by administration of high exogenous levels of estradiol (4mg/kg BW), due to enhance oxidative stress [19]. Estrogen therapy (weekly injections of estradiol valerate (2 mg/kg; i.m.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ovariectomy, estrogen and soy isoflavones in rats submandibular glands

Vasconcellos

Silveira

Medeiros

et al. 2017

BDS

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110 ResumoObjetivo: Diminuição das células granulares do túbulo contorcido granular e dos ácinos ocorre nas glândulas submandibulares de ratas fêmeas ovariectomizadas, enquanto que nas ratas submetidas a reposição hormonal e fitoterapia com isoflavona da soja, este efeito é revertido. Este estudo tem como objetivo elucidar os mecanismos pelo qual estas alterações ocorrem. Material e Métodos: 84 ratas foram ovariectomizadas e 21 foram sham-operatadas. As ratas ovariectomizadas foram aleatoriamente subdivididas e receberam administração oral dos seguintes medicamentos: 17 β-estradiol (OVX-E; n=21), 15 mg/ kg/day do extrato de isoflavona da soja (OVX-I; n=21), 17 β-estradiol + extrato de isoflavona da soja (OVX-A; n=21); e água como placebo (OVX; n=21). As ratas foram eutanasiadas 3, 5 e 8 semanas após a ovariectomia. As glândulas submandibulares foram submetidas a análise histológica por meio do processamento histológico de coloração com HE e imunohistoquímica utilizando o complexo peroxidase-biotina-streptavidina. A área celular e a expressão do antígeno de proliferação celular nuclear e receptor β estrogênico foram avaliados. Resultados: Os resultados foram estatisticamente analisados por meio do teste ANOVA e Tukey. Foi observada diminuição na área de células GCT cells no grupo OVX, em contraste com o aumento no grupoe OVX-E. PCNA nas células acinares e receptores de estrógeno estavam aumentados no grupo OVX-I. Conclusão: A castração exerce um efeito indutivo imediato no volume das células GCT. Estrógeno, isoflavona da soja e sua combinação têm diferentes mecanismos de ação sobre a homeostase da glândula. Estrógeno causa um aumento da área de células GCT, enquanto a isoflavona aumenta a proliferação celular e a expressão do receptor-β de estrógeno. A associação destes não mostrou aumento adicional nos efeitos estudados. ABsTRACTObjective: A decrease in granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells and acini occurs in the submandibular glands of castrated female rats, while in rats submitted to hormone replacement and phytotherapy with soy isoflavones, this effect is reversed. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms through which these changes occur. Material and Methods: Rats (n=84) were ovariectomized and 21 were sham-operated. Ovariectomized rats were randomly subdivided and orally administered the following: 17 β-estradiol (OVX-E; n=21), 15 mg/kg/day of soy isoflavone extract (OVX-I; n=21), 17 β-estradiol + soy isoflavone extract (OVX-A; n=21); and water as placebo (OVX; n=21). The rats were euthanized three, five and eight weeks after ovariectomy. The submandibular salivary glands were submitted to histological processing with HE stain and immunohistochemistry was performed using the streptavidin-biotinperoxidase complex. The cell area and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and estrogen receptor β were evaluated. Results: The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. A decrease in the area of GCT cells in the OVX, was observed, in contrast with an increase in the OVX-E. PC...

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Brain tissue oxidative damage as a possible mechanism for the deleterious effect of a chronic high dose of estradiol on learning and memory in ovariectomized rats

Cited by 55 publications

References 25 publications

Tamoxifen antagonizes the effects of ovarian hormones to induce anxiety and depression-like behavior in rats

Tamoxifen antagonizes the effects of ovarian hormones to induce anxiety and depression-like behavior in rats

Lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment in rats is preventable using 7-nitroindazole

Effects of ovariectomy, estrogen and soy isoflavones in rats submandibular glands

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