Precocious evaluation of cardiovascular risk and its correlation with perinatal condition

Abstract

The cardiovascular disease is the main cause of worldwide death. This profile is potentialized by the increased severity of infections in people with obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Children and adolescents are target groups for the prevention of non-communicable diseases. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease concept points that perinatal conditions are an important risk factor to development of non-communicable disease in adulthood. In this context, the present review identifies perinatal factor that induces precocious cardiovascular risk factors, related with cardiometabolic syndrome. The low or high birth weight and caesarean delivery are risk factors that induce increased occurrence of cardiovascular risk biomarkers in children and adolescents, while the breast feeding or feeding with breast milk from the birth until two years-old is a protector strategy. Evaluation of perinatal conditions associated with precocious identification of cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents is an efficient strategy to prevent and control cardiovascular mortality; through interventions, as lifestyle changes during vulnerable windows of development, able to set up the risk to cardiometabolic disease.

Perinatal Factors and its Association with Cardiometabolic Profile in Schoolchildren

“…By appraising perinatal biomarkers and obstetrical history linked to the presence of traditional cardiometabolic risk indicators an early assessment risk is facilitated. The relation between perinatal conditions and the early emergence of cardiometabolic risk biomarkers may be contingent on epigenetic programming [33]. Therefore, it is relevant to investigate those perinatal variables in order to identify factors that can be changed during children's development window through early prevention and by changing lifestyle habits.…”