Toxicity of commercial atrazine in rattus novergicus organs as a function of concentration: histopathological, ultrastructural and hematological evaluation

Riera-Betancourt, José Gregorio; Matus, Ericka; Matus, Lorena; Molino, Jay

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202220201125

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…5 Rats given ATZ exhibited damaged hepatocytes, substantially elevated levels of total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, and decreased glutathione (GSH). 6 Rats treated with even low dosages of ATZ exhibited lipidosis in hepatocytes, hepatic peri-acinar necrosis, and portal lymphocytic inflammation. 6,7 Genotoxicity has also been observed in the liver after subacute exposure to ATZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Crocin Protects Against Atrazine-induced Toxicity in Primary Rat Hepatocytes

Eghbal,

Mahmoodpoor,

Ahmadian

et al. 2023

Int J Drug Res Clin

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Background: Atrazine is a typical herbicide that has domestic and agricultural uses all over the world. A review of the literature, however, revealed evidence of its destructive effects on many human tissues and signaling networks. As such, this study explored the impact of crocin, a natural pigment, on reducing the liver damage caused by atrazine in primary rat hepatocytes. Methods: As biochemical cytotoxicity indicators, cell death, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH) level, and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed. Results: In the first step, LD50 concentration of atrazine was evaluated using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test in rat hepatocytes. The findings indicated that cellular function declines at LC50 concentration (400 M). On the contrary, crocin (50 µM) substantially boosted hepatocyte viability, decreased ROS production and LPO, replenished cellular GSH pools, and improved mitochondrial function. Conclusion: Overall, the data suggest that crocin may play a protective function in atrazine-induced liver injury in which the main mechanisms of toxicity appear to be the generation of ROS and mitochondrial damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…6 Rats treated with even low dosages of ATZ exhibited lipidosis in hepatocytes, hepatic peri-acinar necrosis, and portal lymphocytic inflammation. 6,7 Genotoxicity has also been observed in the liver after subacute exposure to ATZ. 8 Since ATZ is a commonly used herbicide, cases of poisoning are also common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Crocin Protects Against Atrazine-induced Toxicity in Primary Rat Hepatocytes

Eghbal,

Mahmoodpoor,

Ahmadian

et al. 2023

Int J Drug Res Clin

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“…ATZ-treated rats showed degenerated hepatocytes with markedly high levels of ALP, AST, and ALT total bilirubin concentrations and reduced GSH [ 45 ]. Rats exposed to even the smallest doses of ATZ showed portal lymphocytic inflammation, hepatic peri-acinar necrosis, and lipidosis in hepatocytes [ 46 ]. Subacute exposure to ATZ led to an increase in catalase, SOD, and GST in the liver; in addition, genotoxicity was also observed [ 47 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ATZ-treated rats showed degeneration and apoptosis in the cerebrum and hippocampus [ 45 ]. Rats exposed to even lower doses of ATZ showed lymphocytic meningoencephalitis [ 46 ]. ATZ-treated rats showed degenerated, vacuolated neurons in the cerebellum [ 56 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maternal ATZ exposure in Sprague Dawley rats increased the blood pressure in both male and female offspring [ 68 ]. Rats exposed to even lower doses of ATZ showed coronary periarteritis [ 46 ]. In a study on isolated rat aorta and heart, ATZ caused vasodilatation of the aorta and significantly inhibited the normal twitch tension of isolated heart [ 69 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atrazine Toxicity: The Possible Role of Natural Products for Effective Treatment

Das,

Sakr,

Al-Huseini

et al. 2023

Plants

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There are various herbicides which were used in the agriculture industry. Atrazine (ATZ) is a chlorinated triazine herbicide that consists of a ring structure, known as the triazine ring, along with a chlorine atom and five nitrogen atoms. ATZ is a water-soluble herbicide, which makes it capable of easily infiltrating into majority of the aquatic ecosystems. There are reports of toxic effects of ATZ on different systems of the body but, unfortunately, majority of these scientific reports were documented in animals. The herbicide was reported to enter the body through various routes. The toxicity of the herbicide can cause deleterious effects on the respiratory, reproductive, endocrine, central nervous system, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems of the human body. Alarmingly, few studies in industrial workers showed ATZ exposure leading to cancer. We embarked on the present review to discuss the mechanism of action of ATZ toxicity for which there is no specific antidote or drug. Evidence-based published literature on the effective use of natural products such as lycopene, curcumin, Panax ginseng, Spirulina platensis, Fucoidans, vitamin C, soyabeans, quercetin, L-carnitine, Telfairia occidentalis, vitamin E, Garcinia kola, melatonin, selenium, Isatis indigotica, polyphenols, Acacia nilotica, and Zingiber officinale were discussed in detail. In the absence of any particular allopathic drug, the present review may open the doors for future drug design involving the natural products and their active compounds.

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