Prevalence of Illicit Drug Use During Pregnancy: A Global Perspective

Tavella, Ronan Adler; Abreu, Victória O.M. De; Muccillo-Baisch, Ana Luíza; Júnior, Flávio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202020200302

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Even if the effects of gestational consumption of psychoactive drugs on fetal development and pregnancy complications are widely known, the prevalence of licit and illicit psychoactive compounds consumption during pregnancy seems not to decrease in developed societies [ 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. In this study, we demonstrated that also in a developing country, such as Mexico, the gestational consumption of licit and illicit psychoactive substances is not a negligible phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The period of pregnancy is particularly delicate and requires special attention to protect the health of both the woman and her child. During pregnancy, the use of substances, whether legal or illicit, may cause health, social, and legal negative consequences [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, generally speaking, the real prevalence of drugs consumption among pregnant women is difficult to ascertain, as studies on this are mainly based on data collected through interviews, which, although anonymous, tend to underestimate the problem due to the fear of stigmatization of the participants [ 8 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Indeed, the average prevalence of illicit drug use in pregnant women determined by studies based on questionnaires or interviews resulted to be less than 2% (1.65%), whereas in studies based on toxicological analyses, it was more than 10% (12.28%, i.e., 7.4 times higher) [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Licit and Illicit Drugs Use during Pregnancy in Mexican Women

Gómez-Ruiz

Marchei²,

Rotolo³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceuticals

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For the first time, the present study employed hair testing to investigate the prevalence of classical drugs of abuse and new psychoactive substances use during gestation in a cohort of 300 Mexican pregnant women. An interview was conducted to collect data on sociodemographic aspects of the patients, and a 9 cm-long hair strand was taken from the back of the head of each mother one month after delivery. A validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry method was used for the screening of classic drugs, new psychoactive substances, and medications in maternal hair. Out of 300 examined hair samples from pregnant women, 127 (42.3%) resulted positive for psychoactive substances: 45 (35.4%) for cannabis only, 24 (18.9%) for methamphetamine only, 13 (10.2%) for cocaine only, 1 (0.3%) for heroin, 1 for N-N-dimethyltryptamine (0.3%), 1 for ketamine (0.8%), and 35 (16.3%) for more than one psychoactive substance. Furthermore, seven samples (2.3%) resulted positive for new psychoactive substances (NPS): two samples for synthetic cannabinoids, two for synthetic cathinones, and three for nor-fentanyl, and 3.3% of women hair resulted positive for anticonvulsant, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications. Finally, 83 women hair samples (27.7%) tested positive for nicotine. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other painkillers (60.0%), medications for the treatment of nausea and vomiting (12.3%), antihistamines (8.7%) and nasal/sinus decongestants (6.7%), cough suppressants (5.0%), and bronchodilator agents (5.0%) were also detected in pregnant women hair. The gestational use of psychoactive substances and exposure to tobacco smoke, assessed by hair testing, were associated with a significantly younger age and with a low education grade of the mothers (p < 0.005). This study provides a significant preliminary indication of the under-reported gestational consumption of licit and illicit psychoactive and pharmacologically active drugs in a Mexican environment, showing the value of toxicological and forensic analyses in the global effort to determine the health risks caused by classic drugs and new psychoactive substances during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Licit and Illicit Drugs Use during Pregnancy in Mexican Women

Gómez-Ruiz

Marchei²,

Rotolo³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceuticals

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“…First, the prevalence of drug use was estimated from the detection in anti-doping tests. This is an extrapolation, but the preferred approach for estimating the prevalence of illicit drug use in different populations, as the results from toxicological analyses of biological matrices are much more conclusive than the use of questionnaires, which leads to underestimation (Tavella et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Prohibited Substance Use and Methods by Female Athletes: Evidence of Gender-Related Differences

Collomp¹,

Ericsson²,

Bernier³

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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To achieve optimal sports performances, women and men may show specific doping practices because of the physiological and psychological gender differences, but there are few data on this topic. Here, we report the apparent use of prohibited substances and methods by female athletes based on analyses of the doping tests collected by the French Anti-Doping Agency from 2013 to 2019. We compared the frequency of use and the ergogenic and side effects to those of their male counterparts. The results revealed lower use of prohibited substances in female vs. male athletes, with significantly fewer anabolic agents, hormone and metabolic modulators, and cannabinoids. Gender specificity in utilization of substance classes was also shown. Relatively lower use of hormone modulators and cannabinoids and higher use of beta-2 agonists, diuretics and glucocorticoids were found in the woman cohort compared with men cohort, combined with the different choice of substances, possibly because of the altered ergogenic and/or side effects. However, no impact due to gender regarding the sports disciplines was observed, with both women and men showing similar use of anabolic agents, mainly in the anaerobic sports, and EPO and corticoids, mainly in endurance or mixed sports. Further studies are needed to put these French data into a global perspective, comparing uses across countries and exploring possible new developments in the fight against doping in women.

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“…Entre os anos de 2010 a 2017, o mesmo relatório informou que o número de pessoas usuárias de drogas ilícitas teve um aumento significativo, passando de 226 milhões para 271 milhões de pessoas, isso em nível mundo (UNODC, 2019). Tavella, et al, 2020, afirma que esse aumento do uso de drogas ilícitas estão se tornando dados inquietantes.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Caracterização dos neonatos acometidos pela síndrome de abstinência neonatal: Uma revisão integrativa

Ferreira

Guimarães²,

Costa³

et al. 2022

RSD

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A Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal (SAN) é definida como a situação dos recém-nascidos que foram expostos a diferentes tipos de substâncias usadas pela mãe enquanto gestante, ou seja, ainda em sua fase intrauterina, fazendo com que estes apresentem dependência física às mesmas, podendo causar malformações e efeitos nocivos ao sistema nervoso, gastrointestinal e respiratório. Objetivo: Caracterizar os neonatos acometidos com a síndrome de abstinência e elencar os tipos de psicoativos que mais os acometem e suas respectivas manifestações clínicas. Metodologia: Estudo de revisão integrativa com busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas SCIELO, PUBMED e BVS, nos períodos de 2011 a 2021, sem restrições de idiomas. Resultados e Discussão: Foi possível identificar as características dos neonatos portadores da síndrome de abstinência por uso de substâncias psicoativas, bem como, elencar as manifestações clínicas que esses recém-nascidos apresentam, de acordo com o tipo de substância utilizada pela mãe durante a gestação. Notou-se ainda a importância da equipe multidisciplinar frente a essa patologia e a dificuldade de fechar o diagnóstico para tal, por se tratar de uma temática não tão estudada. Considerações finais: Diante das ações analisadas nota-se a importância de implementar estratégias que visem explorar de forma ampla as características que esses RN’s apresentam quando expostos a substâncias entorpecentes na fase de vida intrauterina, facilitando assim a avaliação e detecção precoce dessa síndrome.

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Prevalence of Illicit Drug Use During Pregnancy: A Global Perspective

Cited by 16 publications

References 72 publications

Prevalence of Licit and Illicit Drugs Use during Pregnancy in Mexican Women

Prevalence of Licit and Illicit Drugs Use during Pregnancy in Mexican Women

Prevalence of Prohibited Substance Use and Methods by Female Athletes: Evidence of Gender-Related Differences

Caracterização dos neonatos acometidos pela síndrome de abstinência neonatal: Uma revisão integrativa

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