Essential oil from Ocimum basilicum improves growth performance and does not alter biochemical variables related to stress in pirarucu (Arapaima gigas)

Abstract

Diet supplementation with essential oil from sweet basil Ocimum basilicum (EOOB) can increase fi sh growth. So, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of EOOB in the diet on growth performance and plasmatic variables of pirarucu juveniles (Arapaima gigas) submitted to stressful condition (stocking density of 7.56 kg m -3 per tank and limited space). Four diets (in triplicates) were evaluated with increasing levels of EOOB (0.0 control; 0.5; 1.0; and 2.0 mL kg diet -1 ) over 48 days. Linalool was the major constituent of EOOB (54.19%). The addition of 2.0 mL EOOB kg diet -1 improved fi nal weight, weight gain, specifi c growth rate, condition factor and feed conversion ratio; it also decreased plasma urea levels and increased plasma albumin and total proteins levels. Plasma glucose, cortisol, and acid uric levels were not infl uenced by the addition of EOOB to the fi sh diet. In conclusion, the addition of 2.0 mL EOOBkg diet -1 is recommended for pirarucu juveniles, due to improved growth performance, and this supplementation did not compromise the homeostasis of fi sh rearing in a high stocking density.

Addition of essential oil from lemongrass to the tambaqui ( Colossoma macropomum ) diet: Effects on growth, intestinal enzymes, haematological and metabolic variables, and antimicrobial challenge

“…The reduction in plasma cholesterol with the addition of EOCC in tambaqui diets levels must have occurred due to the capacity of EOCC to decrease lecithin cholesterol acetyltransferase activity showing an anti‐hyperlipidemic activity (Kumar et al, 2011). Plasma protein levels are an important indicator for better nutritional status in fish (Chung et al, 2020), which, considered in an integrated view with the other metabolic parameters, demonstrates that, in our study, EOCC added to the tambaqui diet may have improved the health status.…”

“…Intensive management practices in fish are represented mainly by excessive transportation (De Oliveira et al, 2022; Sena et al, 2016), handling (Oliveira et al, 2019; Sena et al, 2016) and densification (Chung et al, 2020; Lemos et al, 2018), which may cause stress in fish, leading to reduced growth, metabolic changes and greater susceptibility to diseases (Schreck & Tort, 2016). In this sense, the use of essential oils in the diet has been considered a preventive practice because it helps to increase zootechnical parameters (Acar et al, 2015; Chung et al, 2020; Chung, Ribeiro, Melo, et al, 2021; De Souza et al, 2019, 2020; Diler et al, 2016); reduce hyperglycemia (Souza et al, 2019, 2020); and improve haematological (Chung, Ribeiro, Melo, et al, 2021; Ribeiro, Castelo, et al, 2016; Ribeiro, Freitas, et al, 2016; Saei et al, 2016), biochemical (Chung, Ribeiro, Teixeira, & Copatti, 2021; Lopes et al, 2019; Souza et al, 2020), immunological (Baba et al, 2016; Sutili, Murari, et al, 2016; Sutili, Velasquez, et al, 2016; Al‐Sagheer et al, 2018) and intestinal enzyme (De Souza et al, 2020; Souza et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2020) responses. Essential oils may also represent an alternative to synthetic antibiotics in aquaculture (Felix e Silva et al, 2022).…”

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities and synergism with florfenicol from the essential oils of Lippia sidoides and Cymbopogon citratus against Aeromonas hydrophila

“…The aquaculture sector has shown an increase in production in recent years due to technological improvements in production systems, advances in genetic improvement, nutrition and management practices, including better conditions for the cultivation of animals in high densities (super intensive systems) (Acar et al, 2019; Chung et al, 2020). An increase in stress in aquatic animals is characteristic of super intensive systems due to reduced space and increased levels of nitrogen compounds (Lemos et al, 2018); these stresses can cause the suppression of the immune system and increase the susceptibility to infectious diseases caused by opportunistic bacteria such as those belonging to the genus Aeromonas (De Souza et al, 2017; Harikrishnan et al, 2010).…”

Effect of Lippia grata essential oil as a feed additive on the performance of tambatinga juveniles

“…The active properties of phytochemicals are due to their synthesis by secondary metabolism in plants (Sutili et al 2018;Heluy et al 2020;Kuralkar and Kuralkar 2021;Faehnrich et al 2021). Phytochemicals act differently depending on the concentration of the active or major ingredients, the amount used in the diet, and the application form (Sutili et al 2018;Souza et al 2019;Chung et al 2020). Dietary addition of essential oils from plants such as Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Acar et al 2015), Citrus limon (L.) Burm (Ngugi et al 2016), Aloysia citriodora Palau (formerly A. triphylla) (Zeppenfeld et al 2016), Citrus x auranticus L. (Lopes et al 2019), and Citrus x latifolia (Yu.…”