Olfactory deficit as a result of clozapine withdrawal syndrome in an animal model of schizophrenia: preliminary results

Abstract

Clozapine is an antipsychotic that produces serious withdrawal effects in schizophrenic patients. Olfactory deficits are well known as part of negative symptoms, but it is not known whether antipsychotic use and/or withdrawal are implicated. Then, we tested clozapine withdrawal in association with two widely used schizophrenia models: Neonatal immune challenge by Polycitidilic-polyinosinic acid (polyI:C) and ketamine. PolyI:C (or saline) was injected subcutaneously in neonatal period, dose of 5 mg/kg from 2 to 6 Post Natal Days, and ketamine or saline at the dose 25mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.), daily for 7 days from 53 to 60 post natal day. Clozapine 10mg/kg (or saline) was administered i.p. from 46 to 60 post natal day. Olfactory discrimination test (sensorial and cognitive deficit) was performed at 61 post natal day, 24h after the last injections. The association of PolyI:C, ketamine and clozapine disrupted Olfactory Discrimination, equating time in familiar and non-familiar compartments. PolyI:C plus ketamine increased crossings between compartments. It was produced, for the first time, an olfactory deficit induced by clozapine withdrawal in Wistar rats subjected to schizophrenia animal models.

Ascorbic acid supplementation attenuates schizophrenia‐like symptoms in an animal model induced by ketamine

“…In this sense, an olfactory discrimination test was performed as patients with SZ have demonstrated olfactory deficits. It is known that rodents prefer to stay in a familiar environment, with urine odors, feces, and pheromones of other rodents of their social groups, and the odors of their own body (Pacheco et al., 2018; de Souza, Szawka, Centenaro, Diehl, & Lucion, 2012).…”