In vitro and cellular activities of the selected fruits residues for skin aging treatment

Abstract

Peel extracts of litchi and rambutan, and that of tamarind seed coat were investigated in relation to their utility in skin-aging treatments. Standardized extracts of tamarind were significantly (p < 0.05) more efficient at O 2•-scavenging (IC 50 = 27.44 ± 0.09) than those of litchi and rambutan (IC 50 = 29.57 ± 0.30 and 39.49 ± 0.52 μg/ml, respectively) and the quercetin standard (IC 50 = 31.88 ± 0.15 μg/ml). Litchi extract proved significantly (p < 0.05) more effective for elastase and collagenase inhibition (88.29 ± 0.25% and 79.46 ± 0.92%, respectively) than tamarind (35.43 ± 0.68% and 57.69 ± 5.97%) or rambutan (31.08 ± 0.38% and 53.99 ± 6.18%). All extracts were safe to human skin fibroblasts and inhibit MMP-2, with litchi extract showing significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced inhibition over the standard, vitamin C (23.75 ± 2.74% and 10.42 ± 5.91% at 0.05 mg/ml, respectively). Extracts suppress melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells through inhibition of tyrosinase and TRP-2, with litchi extract being the most potent, even more so than kojic acid (standard). These results highlight the potential for adding value to agro-industrial waste, as the basis for the sustainable production of innovative, safe, anti-aging cosmetic products.

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“…At the highest concentration of 4 mg/mL, melanin production was decreased to 82.3 % ± 0.4 % of the initial level, whereas the effects of the extract were less pronounced in cells treated with 0.1 mg/mL vitamin C (2) or arbutin (3) (87.9 % ± 1.6 % and 56.8 % ± 1.7 %, respectively) [28]. N-feruloylserotonin (43), N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin (44), and acacetin (45) extracted from safflower seeds inhibited mushroom TYR with IC 50 values of 0.023, 0.074, and 0.779 mM, respectively, compared with 0.223 mM for arbutin (3). Their effects on melanin production and cytotoxicity in B16 melanoma cells were further examined, with the reduction in melanin content in accordance with the in vitro results.…”

“…Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn., Sapindaceae) pericarp macerated in 70 % EtOH and partitioned gave rise to an EtOAc fraction, exhibiting significantly greater antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid (p < 0.01), as assessed by ABTS (IC 50 (4), suppressed melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells by inhibiting TYR and TRP-2. Quercetin (9), rosmarinic acid (69), and gallic acid (70) were the main active phenolics in the extract [43,44]. Mulberry (Morus alba L., Moraceae) is widely used to treat skin hyperpigmentation due to its high phenolic content, particularly the active compound oxyresveratrol (54).…”

“…This noncytotoxic herbal extract suppressed melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells was by inhibiting TYR and TRP-2. Ferulic acid (8) was reported to be the most prevalent phenolic in the extract followed by gallic acid (70), rosmarinic acid (69), caffeic acid (7), kojic acid (4), quercetin (9), and chlorogenic acid (73) [44,52].…”

“…The compound was also more potent than kojic acid (4) scavenging assays and mushroom TYR activity (IC 50 = 3.41 ± 0.03, 1.44 ± 0.01, 27.44 ± 0.09, and 96.15 ± 0.62 µg/mL, respectively), is a potential candidate herbal extract for skin hyperpigmentation treatment. In addition, the extract inhibited melanogenesis via inhibitory effects on TYR and TRP-2, as examined in B16F10 melanoma cells, due to its active compounds (−)-epicatechin (88), epigallocatechin (89), chlorogenic acid (73), quercetin (9), gallic acid (70), rosmarinic acid (69), caffeic acid (7), and ferulic acid (8) [44,68].…”

In vitro Studies in Litchi chinensis - Effect of Explant and Medium

“…are also made from litchi (Goto, 1960). The peel extract of litchi is found to be a useful ingredient in anti-aging and skin lightening cosmetic products (Lourith et al, 2017). The high demand and the high prices paid for litchi has created new interest in the growing of this fruit with an increase in the demand for propagation materials.…”