Oxidative stress responses of juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum after short-term anesthesia with benzocaine and MS-222

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of benzocaine and tricaine methanesulfonate on oxidative stress parameters of juvenile tambaqui tissues. Fish (n=80) were anesthetized with benzocaine (100 mg L-1) or tricaine (240 mg L-1) and two control groups were used (non-anesthetized fish and fish exposed to ethanol-only). After anesthetic induction 10 fish/anesthetic were euthanized after 3, 12 and 24 hours post-anesthesia and tissue samplings (gills, liver and brain) were performed. Samples were submitted to analyses of enzyme activity glutathione-S-transferase (GST), cellular lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity (ACAP). ACAP increased in gills of benzocaine treatment after 12 hours. The liver showed a reduction in ACAP of tricaine treatment after 12 hours. Both anesthetic treatments showed an increase of ACAP at 24 hours compared to control group. The activity of the GST enzyme increased in the gills for treatments benzocaine and tricaine after 3 and 12 hours. Liver showed increased GST activity (benzocaine after 24 hours and tricaine after 3 and 24 hours). Lipid damage decreased in gills (both anesthetics) and brain (tricaine) after 24 hours. The results demonstrate that benzocaine and tricaine did not cause oxidative damage in juvenile tambaqui under the experimental conditions herein established.

Thermal biology of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum): General insights for aquaculture in a changing world

“…To avoid the occurrence of injury and mitigate the impact of stress produced by handling, several anaesthetics can be applied to tambaqui. [91][92][93][94] Cavali et al 95 verified the correlation of temperature with different eugenol dosages in the anaesthesia of the species. The results showed that an average temperature of 31 C had a rapid effect on sedation, mild and deep anaesthesia, as well as on the recovery time of subjects at dosages of 53.5 mg L À1 , compared to subjects managed at 27 C. It should be noted that the dosage applied by Roubach et al 93 was lower than that reported as ideal for juveniles and sub-adults of the species, which was of the order of 65 mg L À1 at a temperature of around 27 C.…”

“…To avoid the occurrence of injury and mitigate the impact of stress produced by handling, several anaesthetics can be applied to tambaqui 91–94 . Cavali et al 95 verified the correlation of temperature with different eugenol dosages in the anaesthesia of the species.…”

Glucose tolerance in six fish species reared in Brazil: Differences between carnivorous and omnivorous

“…For the glucose tolerance test, at time 0 h, all fish were anaesthetized with benzocaine (0.1 g L -1 ), which causes no oxidative stress (Stringhetta et al 2017) or increase in plasma glucose levels (Gomes et al 2001). After, they were weighed and administered an IP injection at a volume of 1 mL per fish with 1,000 mg kg of body weight -1 of GLU (dextrose; 180.16 g mol molecular weight -1 ; Biotec ® , São José dos Pinhais, Brazil), FRU (levulose, 180.16 g mol molecular weight -1 ; Biotec ® ) or GLU+FRU.…”

Water pH and hardness alter ATPases and oxidative stress in the gills and kidney of pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus )

“…For the gills and kidney analyses, three fish from each tank (n = 9 per treatment) were randomly sampled on days 1, 5 and 15 to verify possible deleterious effects on acute, medium and longer exposure under the experimental conditions. Fish were immediately euthanised with a lethal concentration of hydrochloride benzocaine (50 ppm), because benzocaine did not cause oxidative stress (Stringhetta et al, 2017), and samples of the gills and kidney were collected. Prior to tissue collection, animals underwent 24 h of fasting.…”