Resistance of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria strains from Brazilian pepper to copper and zinc sulfates

Areas, Maysa Souza; Gonçalves, Ricardo Marcelo; Soman, José Marcelo; Filho, Ronaldo C Souza; Giória, Ricardo; Silva, Tadeu A F Da; Maringoni, Antônio Carlos

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201720160413

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This might be due to the synergism between chemical agents, which has been reported in other studies related to copper-resistance of pepper bacterial spot, showing X. euvesicatoria and X. campestris pv. vesicatoria susceptibility to copper compounds (De Aguiar et al, 2003;Areas et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (formally X. perforans) associated with bacterial spot severity in Capsicum annuum crops in South Central Chihuahua, Mexico

Hernández-Huerta

Tamez‐Guerra

Gómez-Flores

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background Xanthomonas spp. causes bacterial spot disease, which reduces quality and yield of pepper crops in Mexico. Identification of phytopathogen species is necessary to implement more effective control strategies. Objective The aim of this study was to isolate and identify infecting Xanthomonas species in South Central Chihuahua pepper-producing areas. Methods Diseased plants were collected from 30 cultivation lots and bacteria were isolated from damaged tissues. Potential causative agents were isolated, identified, and characterized by biochemical and molecular analysis. Pathogenicity tests from each isolate were then performed on 30-d-old pepper seedlings, exposing five leaves to 10 µL of 1 × 108 CFU/mL bacterial suspensions of each isolate, using sterile distilled water as a control. Disease severity was determined after 10 d by calculating leaf damage percentage. Furthermore, we evaluated the susceptibility of the highest bacterial spot severity-causing isolates (13 isolates) to copper sulphate (CuS), copper gluconate (CuG), copper oxychloride + oxytetracycline hydrochloride (Cu + Ox), gentamicin + oxytetracycline hydrochloride (Gen + Ox), and gentamicin sulphate (GenS). Copper-resistance genes (copLAB) were detected by PCR analysis among isolates. Results Thirty-seven foliage isolates were identified as Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (14%), which were associated with bacterial spot disease in jalapeño pepper. Tested Xanthomonas isolates were resistant to Cu-based compounds, but susceptible to Cu + Ox. All isolates were susceptible to Gen + Ox and GenS. CopLAB genes were detected in all but one strain. Conclusions X. euvesicatoria (formally X. perforans) may be considered as an emerging pathogen of bacterial spot pepper in Mexico. Among disease management strategies, alternatives to copper should be taken into consideration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (formally X. perforans) associated with bacterial spot severity in Capsicum annuum crops in South Central Chihuahua, Mexico

Hernández-Huerta

Tamez‐Guerra

Gómez-Flores

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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“…However, similar to human diseases, this infection is recurrent ( Graham et al, 2004 ). This example can also be applied to other plant bacterial diseases where copper or antibiotics do not kill the entire bacterial population and infection is recurrent ( Aćimović et al, 2015 ; Areas et al, 2017 ; Gochez et al, 2018 ). Consequently, it is reasonable to say that there is an appropriate condition for the appearance of “super-phytopathogenic” bacteria similar to the human superbugs.…”

Section: The “Super-phytopathogenic” Bacteria and Implications Of Permentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence in Phytopathogenic Bacteria: Do We Know Enough?

et al. 2018

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Phytopathogenic bacteria affect a wide range of crops worldwide and have a negative impact in agriculture due to their associated economic losses and environmental impacts. Together with other biotic and abiotic stress factors, they pose a threat to global food production. Therefore, understanding bacterial survival strategies is an essential step toward the development of new strategies to control plant diseases. One mechanism used by bacteria to survive under stress conditions is the formation of persister cells. Persisters are a small fraction of phenotypic variants within an isogenic population that exhibits multidrug tolerance without undergoing genetic changes. They are dormant cells that survive treatment with antimicrobials by inactivating the metabolic functions that are disrupted by these compounds. They are thus responsible for the recalcitrance of many human diseases, and in the same way, they are thought to contribute to the survival of bacterial phytopathogens under a range of stresses they face in the environment. It is believed that persister cells of bacterial phytopathogens may lead to the reoccurrence of disease by recovering growth and recolonizing the host plant after the end of stress. However, compared to human pathogens, little is known about persister cells in phytopathogens, especially about their genetic regulation. In this review, we describe the overall knowledge on persister cells and their regulation in bacterial phytopathogens, focusing on their ability to survive stress conditions, to recover from dormancy and to maintain virulence.

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“…Reports from various geographical areas worldwide have revealed that the prevalence of resistance of S. aureus strains to fusidic acid has remained low in recent years [11][12][13]. Natural products and several ions have been used to overcome multidrug resistance in bacteria [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Fusidic Acid Cream Containing Metal Ions and Natural Products against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

et al. 2022

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Background: Drug design and development to overcome antimicrobial resistance continues to be an area of research due to the evolution of microbial resistance mechanisms and the necessity for new treatments. Natural products have been used since the dawn of medicine to heal skin infections. The antimicrobial properties of fusidic acid, zinc sulfate, and copper sulfate have been studied and are well known. Furthermore, these compounds have different mechanisms of action in targeting microorganisms, either by inhibiting protein synthesis or bacterial cell walls. Therefore, their combination is expected to have synergistic activity in killing bacteria. However, the synergistic antimicrobial activity has not been evaluated in a cream formulation. Therefore, the objectives of this in vitro study were to develop and evaluate the synergistic efficacy of fusidic acid in combinations with natural products, including oleuropein, thyme oil, zinc sulfate, and copper sulfate, as a cream to eradicate fusidic-acid-resistant microorganisms in skin infections. Methods: Three different cream formulations were developed, compared, and labeled F1, F2, and F3. The compounds were studied for their antibacterial activity. In addition, the stability of the cream was investigated at 25 °C and 40 °C in plastic jars over three months. Results: The F2 formula has adequate physicochemical properties. Furthermore, it displays stable and better results than the marketed trade product and has potential inhibition zones (ZOI). Interestingly, considerable numbers (9.5%) of fusidic-acid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (FRSA) isolates possessed a high resistance pattern with MIC ≥ 128 μg/mL. In contrast, most tested FRSA isolates (90.5%) had a low resistance pattern with MIC ≤ 8 μg/mL. Conclusion: In conclusion, the F2 cream made with fusidic acid, oleuropein, thyme oil, zinc sulfate, and copper sulfate in the right amounts has stable physical and chemical properties and has potential against FRSA as an antimicrobial agent.

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Resistance of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria strains from Brazilian pepper to copper and zinc sulfates

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (formally X. perforans) associated with bacterial spot severity in Capsicum annuum crops in South Central Chihuahua, Mexico

Prevalence of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (formally X. perforans) associated with bacterial spot severity in Capsicum annuum crops in South Central Chihuahua, Mexico

Persistence in Phytopathogenic Bacteria: Do We Know Enough?

Novel Fusidic Acid Cream Containing Metal Ions and Natural Products against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

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