Psychometric properties of the Brazilian-adapted version of Sport Imagery Questionnaire

Abstract

Imagery can be defined as the ability to represent and rehearse in the mind behaviors related to a given situation. The Sport Imagery Questionnaire was developed to measure the frequency of imagery use among athletes. The present study aimed to adapt and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of this instrument. Study 1 appraised content validity using five sport scientists as judges to quantify the quality of the adaptation for each item; then the Content Validity Coefficient was calculated. Study 2 had 260 athletes from six types of sport answer the Brazilian questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test factorial validity, Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess reliability, and comparisons between groups were used as criterion validity. Study 1 results showed good quality of the adaptation according to the judges. Study 2 showed a 5-factor latent structure which corroborates with the literature. Reliability of the scale was high (α = .91), whereas separately subscales ranged between Motivational General: Arousal (α = .87) and Motivational Specific (α = .94). Regarding group differences, sex showed no significant difference between men and women (p = .55; d = .09) and neither did levels of practice between amateur, semi-professionals and professional athletes (p = .71; f = .07). Types of sports revealed moderate effect size and significantly less imagery practice among synchronized swimming, football and beach volleyball athletes, whereas mixed martial artists showed higher frequency of imagery (p < .05; f = .23). Factor structure, reliability and validity of mixed groups are evidence of a successful cross-cultural adaptation of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire to Brazil.

Motivational Climate Measures in Sport: A Systematic Review

“…This statistical indicator is generated by the variance of the data in relation to the homogeneity of the items and the responses of the sample, its value varies between 0 and 1, the closer to 1 the better; the literature uses 0.7 as cutoff value. Despite this, it is known that the number of items and the repeatability of these items can positively distort the alpha, in other words, scales with many relatively redundant items tend to increase values (Filgueiras & Hall, 2017). Not knowing the exact number of items of each scale, such as PMSCQ-II and PIMCQ-II, makes it difficult to interpret the values of this internal consistency indicator, but based on the results, the most consistent scale is MMCOS (Harwood et al, 2015) followed by PMSCQ -II (Newton et al, 2000).…”

“…The factorial analysis is used as an item grouping technique to confirm the theoretical hypotheses in the development of the scale (Filgueiras, 2017;Filgueiras & Hall, 2017). In fact, if a theory on which a measure was constructed establishes that the construct has two dimensions, then the empirical results must group the items according to these two theoretical dimensions, failure in that undertaking means lack of factorial validity or theoretical validity (Filgueiras, 2017).…”

“…Reliable and objective observational systems used by coaching staff rather than selfreported measures can contribute to the development of intervention programs that aims to changing the motivational climate (Clancy et al, 2017). In order to have good third-person observational systems, the psychometric characteristics of a measure should be investigated to guarantee validity and reliability (Filgueiras & Hall, 2017;Filgueiras, 2017). Accordingly, Keegan et al (2014) study suggested that a wider, and fuller, consideration of the motivational 'atmosphere' should contemplate the understanding of specific behaviors of social actors in the sport context (parents, coach, managers, media and peers), their interactions patterns and potential combinations at specific moments.…”

“…Reliable and objective observational systems used by coaching staff rather than self-reported measures can contribute to the development of intervention programs that aims to changing the motivational climate (Clancy et al, 2017). In order to have good third-person observational systems, the psychometric characteristics of a measure should be investigated to guarantee validity and reliability (Filgueiras & Hall, 2017; Filgueiras, 2017).…”

Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of a Brazilian of Short Version of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale

“…The evaluation criteria were semantic, linguistic, cultural, conceptual, clarity, and precision (Beaton et al, 2000). The content validity coefficient (CVC) was calculated for each item of the instrument and for the instrument as a whole (CVCt) (Filgueiras and Hall, 2017). The CVC values accepted to consider the quality of an aspect or item judged must be >0.80 (Filgueiras and Hall, 2017).…”