COVID-19 and mental health of pregnant women in Ceará, Brazil

Machado, Márcia Maria Tavares; Rocha, Hermano Alexandre Lima; Castro, Márcia C.; Sampaio, Edgar Gomes Marques; Oliveira, Francisco Ariclene; Silva, Jordan Prazeres Freitas da; Aquino, Camila Machado de; Sousa, Liduina de Albuquerque Rocha de; Carvalho, Francisco Herlânio Costa; Altafim, Elisa Rachel Pisani; Correia, Luciano Lima

doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003225

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As expected, in the current study, mothers' CMD symptoms were higher in the pandemic group. This is consistent with previous studies regarding the possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health that found higher levels of depressive, stress, and anxiety symptoms in parents and pregnant women after the pandemic started both in Brazil (Machado et al, 2021) and worldwide (American Psychological Association, 2020; Lebel et al, 2020;Vescovi et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2020;Yuan et al, 2020). Besides COVID-related worries, the observed increase in mothers' CMD symptoms could be attributed to challenges faced by them, such as household and parenting demands added to health and economic concerns.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Infants’ and toddlers’ digital media use and mothers’ mental health: A comparative study before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Pedrotti

Mallmann

Almeida

et al. 2021

Infant Mental Health Journal

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This study compared children's and mothers’ digital media use and mothers’ mental health in two samples: one accessed before (Group 1; N = 257; M = 33.18 years; SD = 4.79) and the other accessed during (Group 2; N = 256; M = 33.51 years; SD = 4.96) the COVID‐19 pandemic in Brazil. Mothers of children up to 3 years old (Group 1: M = 17.95 months, SD = 9.85; Group 2: M = 16.48 months, SD = 10.15) answered an online survey. Bivariate analysis, factorial ANOVA tests, and multiple linear regression were performed. Results suggest that mothers’ and children's media use duration was higher during the pandemic only among children over 12 months. Mothers’ media use duration (β = .18) and mothers’ intention to offer media (β = .23) contributed to the explanation of children's media use duration (F(4, 474) = 16.81; p < .001; R2 = .12; R2 adjusted = .117). Higher mothers’ common mental disorders symptoms were also positively correlated to mothers’ intention to offer media to children both before and during the pandemic. Results suggest that interventions focusing on infants and toddlers screen time reduction should target maternal aspects such as mental health, maternal screen time, and intention to offer media, taking into account the mothers’ needs when planning these actions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Infants’ and toddlers’ digital media use and mothers’ mental health: A comparative study before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Pedrotti

Mallmann

Almeida

et al. 2021

Infant Mental Health Journal

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“…For the Iracema-COVID survey, the sample size ( n = 352) was calculated to detect a prevalence of 46% of maternal CMD (Machado et al, 2021), with a margin of error of 5%, and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Out of 4,840 mothers who gave birth in July and August 2020, 3,567 were eligible for the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding Practices Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil

et al. 2022

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Background: Physical distancing associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to suboptimal maternal mental health, social support after birth, and infant feeding practices. Research Aims: To compare breastfeeding prevalence in participants who were pregnant at a time when strict physical distancing measures were imposed in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará state, Brazil, with the pre-pandemic breastfeeding levels, and to assess the association of breastfeeding prevalence with maternal common mental disorders, and sociodemographic and health predictors. Method: A cross-sectional prospective two-group comparison design using two population-based surveys was carried out in Fortaleza before and after the pandemic. Participants ( n = 351) who had a live birth in Fortaleza in July or August 2020, and participants ( n = 222) who had a child younger than 12 months in 2017 were surveyed. Crude and adjusted multinomial logistic regressions with robust variance were used to estimate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Similar prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding were observed in 2021 (8.1%) and 2017 (8.5%; p = .790). An increase in predominant (2.2% vs. 13.4%; p < .001) and a decrease in complementary breastfeeding (64.0% vs. 48.4%; p = .037) was observed in 2021, compared to 2017. The prevalence of maternal common mental disorders also increased in 2021 (17.6% vs. 32.5%, p < .001). No statistically significant associations were found between breastfeeding patterns, maternal common mental disorders, and other predictors in 2017 or 2021. Conclusions: Participants who delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic delayed solid foods introduction and breastfed predominantly longer than participants during the pre-pandemic period. While common mental disorders significantly increased, they were not associated with differences in breastfeeding.

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“…Women who gave birth in private hospitals were deemed ineligible due to not having their contact information available in public records. The sample was designed to be representative of Fortaleza at the administrative district level (SR ( Secretaria Regional )) and to detect a prevalence of 45.7% of maternal common mental disorders (CMDs), 10 with a margin of error of 5% and 95% confidence interval (n=352). Of the 3567 mothers who gave birth in July and August 2020, 352 were sampled for the study ( figure 1 ).…”

Section: Cohort Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cohort profile: maternal and child health and parenting practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ceará, Brazil: birth cohort study (Iracema-COVID)

et al. 2022

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PurposeMaternal and child health and parenting practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ceará (Iracema-COVID) is a longitudinal, prospective population-based birth cohort designed to understand the effects of the pandemic and social withdrawal in maternal mental health, child development and parenting practices of mothers and families.ParticipantsA sample of mothers who gave birth in July and August 2020 (n=351) was enrolled in the study in January 2021. Interviews were conducted by telephone. Data were collected through standardised questionnaires that, in addition to sociodemographic and economic data, collected information on breast feeding, mental health status and COVID-19.Findings to dateResults from the first wave show that the majority of participants have 9–11 years of schooling (54.4%; 95% CI 61.0 to 70.9) and are of mixed race (71.5%; 95% CI 66.5 to 76.0). At the time of the survey, 27.9% of the participants were out of the labor force (95% CI 23.5 to 32.9) and 78.6% reported a decrease in family income after restrictions imposed due to the pandemic (95% CI 74.0 to 82.6). The prevalence of maternal common mental disorder symptoms was 32.5% (95% CI 27.8 to 37.6).Future plansFollow-up visits are planned to occur every 6 months for the next five years (2021–2025). Additional topics will be included in future waves (eg, food insecurity and parenting practices). Communication strategies for bonding, such as picture cards, pictures of mothers with their children and phone calls to the participants, will be used to minimise attrition. Results of this prospective cohort will generate novel knowledge on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health and parenting practices in a population of women and children living in fifth largest city of Brazil.

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COVID-19 and mental health of pregnant women in Ceará, Brazil

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Infants’ and toddlers’ digital media use and mothers’ mental health: A comparative study before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Infants’ and toddlers’ digital media use and mothers’ mental health: A comparative study before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Breastfeeding Practices Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil

Cohort profile: maternal and child health and parenting practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ceará, Brazil: birth cohort study (Iracema-COVID)

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