Smoking prevalence and economic crisis  in Brazil

Souza, Luís Eugênio de; Rasella, Davide; Barros, Rafael Damasceno de; Lisboa, Erick Soares; Malta, Déborah Carvalho

doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055002768

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Smoking may also increase coughing activity and thus increase intradiscal and intra-abdominal pressure, leading to a burden on the spine [ 64 ]. Smoking also differs across social groups in Brazil as elsewhere, being higher among those with lower socioeconomic status, such as those with lower education and older income [ 65 , 66 ]. Smoking is also associated with older age and being a single man [ 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biopsychosocial examination of chronic back pain, limitations on usual activities, and treatment in Brazil, 2019

Andrade

Chen

2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Chronic back pain is prevalent in Brazil, leading to enormous healthcare costs and social burdens. It also disproportionately affects low-income and less-healthy people. Objectives This study examines the associations of chronic back pain with biological, psychological, and social factors; how it limits usual activities; and how chronic back pain influences the use of treatment services. Methods Using Brazil’s National Health Survey (PNS-2019), multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to examine how biological, psychological, and social factors correlate with chronic back pain, limitations on usual activities, and pain treatment. Results PNS-2019 data showed that 23.4% (95% CI 22.8–24.0) of Brazilian adults aged over 20 reported back pain. A higher prevalence of chronic back pain was associated with biological factors (older age, being female, overweight or obese, current smoking, and having more chronic conditions), lower social conditions (low education, low per capita household income, non-married, and living in rural areas), and poor psychological health (more depressive symptoms). Chronic back pain is more likely to limit usual activities among those with low social conditions (lower education, lower income), poor physical and behavioral health (obese, current smokers, and those with a greater number of chronic conditions), and worse psychological health (more depressive symptoms). However, married people and those who do not consume alcohol were also more likely to report limited activities. Among those with back pain, 68% received at least one form of treatment. Those with intense limitations on their usual activities were 2.2 times as likely to report treatment. People with higher social conditions (higher income, college education, and private health insurance) were more likely to receive treatment. Conclusion The results show significant biological, psychological, and social disparities in the prevalence of chronic back pain in Brazil. The findings point to the need for tailored policies and prevention programs with attention to vulnerable groups. Even though Brazil has universal health care, those with better socioeconomic conditions are more likely to receive treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biopsychosocial examination of chronic back pain, limitations on usual activities, and treatment in Brazil, 2019

Andrade

Chen

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…The habit of smoking has been more related to blacks when compared to whites ( 16 ). Although recent studies in Brazil on the prevalence of smoking do not have cuttings by race/color, it has been shown that people with less education are more likely to smoke and have had, in recent years, a smaller decrease in the incidence of this habit compared to people with higher levels of education ( 17 ). In the present research, black patients showed the worst levels of education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial disparity and prognosis in patients with mouth and oropharynx cancer in Brazil

Ramos¹,

Sobrinho²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2022

Med Oral

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Background Oral and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Populations in situations of social vulnerability tend to have higher incidences of cancer, a higher proportion of late diagnosis, greater difficulties in accessing health services, and, consequently, worse prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between race/skin color and OPC prognosis in Brazil. Material and Methods This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study using OPC data from the National Cancer Institute between the years 2000 and 2019. The selected variables were: gender, race/skin color, age, education, smoking and alcohol consumption, stage of the disease and disease status at the end of the 1st treatment. Results 154,214 cases were recorded. Black men, in the 6th decade of life, were the most affected population. Blacks had a lower level of education when compared to non-blacks ( p <0.001). Blacks were more exposed to smoking and alcohol consumption ( p <0.001). At the time of diagnosis, the black population was at the most advanced stage when compared to non-blacks ( p <0.001). At the end of the 1st treatment, more black patients had disease in progression, as well as more black patients died ( p <0.001). Conclusions Blacks had a worse prognosis for OPC in Brazil. Despite the limitations, these results are important to elucidate the scenario of health disparities in relation to the race/skin color of the Brazilian population. Key words: Head and neck, oncology, cancer, oral cavity, oropharynx.

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“…95 39 , in addition to less investment in public policies and regulation 21 . These measures have contributed to the deterioration of the population's health, also resulting in an increase in poverty 21,[40][41][42][43] . There was less investment in the regulatory role of the Brazilian government, less inspection of tobacco products and an increase in illegal trade 44,45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use, cessation, secondhand smoke and exposure to media about tobacco in Brazil: results of the National Health Survey 2013 and 2019

Malta

Gomes

Andrade

et al. 2021

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Objective: To compare indicators of tobacco use, secondhand smoke, cessation and exposure to pro- and anti-tobacco media in 2013 and 2019, and to describe these indicators according to sociodemographic variables in 2019. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey. The indicators of use, secondhand smoke, cessation and exposure to tobacco-related media were evaluated. Prevalence and confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated for the total population in 2013 and 2019 and according to sociodemographic variables for 2019. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to assess differences in prevalence. Results: There was an improvement in most of the indicators studied: an increase in ex-smokers, a reduction in secondhand smoke and attempts to quit smoking. All pro- and anti-tobacco media exposure indicators declined. When considering the prevalence according to sociodemographic characteristics in 2019, 43.8% (95%CI 41.6–46.0) of men tried to quit smoking, and 50.8% (95%CI 48.5–53.2) of women. Secondhand smoke at home was higher among women (10.2%; 95%CI 9.7–10.8). Among those who thought about quitting smoking because of warnings, the proportion was higher among women (48.0%; 95%CI 45.3–50.6). Tobacco use was higher among men (43.8%; 95%CI 41.6–46.0), in the population aged 40 to 59 years (14.9%; 95%CI 14.2–15.6), with a lower level of education (17.6%; 95%CI 16.8–18.4). Conclusion: The study showed improvement in tobacco-related indicators between the years studied. It is noteworthy that this advance was smaller in relation to the other periods previously analyzed, and therefore, greater investments in public policies to combat and control smoking in Brazil are necessary.

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Smoking prevalence and economic crisis in Brazil

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

A biopsychosocial examination of chronic back pain, limitations on usual activities, and treatment in Brazil, 2019

A biopsychosocial examination of chronic back pain, limitations on usual activities, and treatment in Brazil, 2019

Racial disparity and prognosis in patients with mouth and oropharynx cancer in Brazil

Tobacco use, cessation, secondhand smoke and exposure to media about tobacco in Brazil: results of the National Health Survey 2013 and 2019

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