Interventions for the prevention of risk factors and incidence of type 2 diabetes in the work environment: a systematic review

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at the prevention of risk factors and incidence of type 2 diabetes in the workers population.METHODS Systematic review of interventions aimed at adult workers at risk of type 2 diabetes published in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Central Cochrane Registry of Controlled Trials, and Lilacs. Randomized trials, quasi-experimental research and cohort studies were selected; in English, Spanish and Portuguese; published from 2000 to 2017. Intervention effectiveness was evaluated concerning the incidence of type 2 diabetes and a significant reduction in body weight, or another anthropometric or metabolic parameter.RESULTS 3,024 articles were generated, of which 2,825 that did not answer the research question were eliminated, as well as 130 that did not evaluate original interventions, 57 carried out outside the workplace and two reviews; so that 10 selected items remained. Interventions based on structured programs previously evaluated and integrated into the workplace had a favorable impact on the reduction of body weight and other risk factors.CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes should be based on structured programs with proven effectiveness and adapted to the workplace, with employer participation in the provision of schedules and work environments.

Workplace Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention—an Umbrella Review

“…Moreover, the dietary interventions based on JDS/ADA guidelines influenced calorie intake and lowering of the 2-h postprandial blood glucose among the employees (1 study). Two of the included studies were aimed at management and treatment of the previously diagnosed diabetes had not shown influence on the analyzed outcomes [ 13 •].…”

“…Wellness programs comprising programs B, C, G, I components do not influence lowering the non-fat body-weight (kg) = 1.01 [95% CI: (−0.82; 2.83); 4 RCT; N = 437]. Inolopú 2019 [ 13 ] (SR) Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación Fogarty International Center of the US National Institutes of Health 6 RCT, 4 quasi-experimental Adult employees in the T2DM risk group or prediabetic [ N = 2536] Pharmaceutical company; IT firm, college; municipal offices, airline company; finance firm; nursing technicians; not specified (3 studies) Interventions aimed at preventing risk factors and T2DM occurrence in the workplace: • Conventional lifestyle changing interventions (7); • Lifestyle changes coaching online (2); • Dietary coaching (1). 9 out of 10 included studies based their programs on: • Diabetes Prevention Program DPP ( n = 3); • Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (FDPS) ( n = 2); • Life Style Modification Program for Physical Activity and Nutrition Program (LiSM10!)…”

Effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Furthermore, HbA1c reductions were more pronounced in individuals aged ≥60, which aligns with the findings of previous domestic and international studies [ 45 , 46 ] and indicates that younger age is associated with more difficult blood glycemic control. Individuals aged under 60 tend to be office workers with self-management challenges due to factors such as sleep deprivation caused by work-related stress, lack of exercise due to long working hours, and a social drinking culture [ 47 ]. Therefore, there is a need to develop an efficient way to manage blood sugar levels using CGM, which can be used by office workers without restrictions on time and place.…”

Simplified, Low-Cost Method on Glucose Tolerance Testing in High-Risk Group of Diabetes, Explored by Simulation of Diagnosis

“…There is sufficient evidence that effective intervention in the pre-diabetes phase can significantly reduce the likelihood of its conversion to diabetes. [36][37][38] Therefore, timely detection and effective management of pre-diabetes population is the key to preventing diabetes.…”