Potential years of life lost due to oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil: 1979 to 2013

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the years of life lost by the Brazilian population due to mouth and pharynx cancer from 1979 to 2013, and analyze the temporal trends in the studied period, according to the country’s region, sex and anatomical site. METHODS: The death records were obtained from the Mortality Information System and the data referring to the population, from the censuses of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics of 1980, 1991, 2000, 2010, and from intercensal estimates for the other years. The rates of potential years of life lost were calculated by applying the method suggested by Romeder and McWhinnie, and their trends were calculated using the Prais-Winsten method with firstorder autocorrelation. The historical series were smoothed with the centered moving average technique of third order for white noise reduction. RESULTS: In the period from 1979 to 2013 in Brazil, there were a total of 107,506 premature deaths due to mouth and pharynx cancer, which generated a total of 1,589,501 potential years of life lost, the equivalent to a rate of 3.6 per 10,000 inhabitants. Males, whose rate was six times higher than for females, contributed with 85% of the years lost. The trends in the rates of years of life lost showed an annual 0.72% increase for men, 1.13% for women and 1.05% for pharynx cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of potential years of life lost due to mouth and pharynx cancer in the country showed an upward trend within the studied period for both sexes, as well as for pharynx cancer and for the North, Northeast and Midwest regions.

Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Due to COVID-19 in Brazil

“…Perea et al (2018) estimated 1,589,501 YPLLs due to deaths from oral and pharyngeal cancer from 1979 to 2013, in Brazil. The YPLLs due to COVID-19 corresponded to 80.6% of the YPLLs for these types of cancer during this 35-year historical period [ 24 ].…”

Temporal trends of women with oral cavity, base of tongue and lip cancers in Brazil: An ecological study covering mortality data from 1980 to 2018

“…Studies performed with data from the 2010 decade had already observed reductions in the proportion of mortality rates between Brazilian men and women. 9,12,15 Cunha et al 15 found that the mortality rate from oral and oropharyngeal cancer increased from 1.21/100,000 inhabitants in 2000 to 1.48/100,000 inhabitants in 2013 for women, representing a significant increase that was not observed for men. Another study reported that a male-female ratio of 3.7:1 was observed for oral cancer mortality rates in 2013, which represented a reduction of 1.5% compared to the beginning of the time series in 2002.…”

“…[5][6][7] In Brazil, despite nearly a century of fighting cancer, with oncological assistance programs and public policies based on prevention campaigns, the incidence of oral cancer is still high for both sexes in various regions of the country. 8,9 A recent study observed an average Brazilian mortality rate from oral and oropharyngeal cancer of 4.5/100,000 inhabitants for men and of 0.9/100,000 inhabitants for women, considering a temporal analysis from 1983 to 2017. 10 In Brazil, men have historically concentrated higher rates of incidence and mortality from oral and oropharyngeal cancer than women.…”

“…13 Specifically for women, recent increases have been identified in oral and oropharyngeal cancer incidence and mortality, mainly in the base of tongue and other parts of tongue, 14 and the reduction in the mortality rate from oral and oropharyngeal cancer appears to be less pronounced than in men. 9,10,15 This may be due to increased tobacco consumption by women, 16 as well as to the influence of risky sexual behaviours and HPV infection on the aetiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. 17,18 Still, compared to men, women tend to be older at the time of diagnosis, 10,19,20 and about half of all women tend to be diagnosed in stage III or IV in comparison with two-thirds of men.…”

“…22,23 In Brazil, different studies have performed temporal trend analyses for oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality rates. 9,11,12,15,24,25 Nevertheless, most of these studies did not provide temporal trends specifically for women, considering general mortality trends, mortality rates according to Brazilian macro-region, or mortality rates according to location of the primary tumour. 9,10,15 The lack of particular data for women seems to be more marked for cancer of the oral cavity, leading to difficulties in the interpretation and generalization of the results obtained.…”