Tuberculose e infecção latente em funcionários de diferentes tipos de unidades prisionais

Abstract

OBJECTIVEEstimate the prevalence of active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection among the staff that is in contact and the staff that is not in contact with prisoners, and investigate factors associated with latent tuberculosis infection in this population.METHODSObservational cross-sectional study, conducted from 2012 to 2015, in employees of different prison units in the municipality of Franco da Rocha, SP. It consisted of the application of a questionnaire, application and reading of the tuberculin test, sputum smear microscopy, sputum culture, and radiological examination. The association between the qualitative variables was calculated by the Pearson's chi-squared test. The sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological factors related to the latent tuberculosis infection were evaluated by the logistic regression with the odds ratios (OR) calculation and their respective intervals with 95% of confidence (95%CI).RESULTSA total of 1,059 employees were examined, 657 (62.0%) of prisons, 249 (23.5%) of CASA Foundation units and 153 (14.5%) of custodial and psychiatric treatment hospitals. The tuberculin test was applied and read for 945 (89.2%) professionals. Of these, 797 (84.3%) were contacts of detainees and 148 (15.7%) were not. Among prison staff, the factors associated with latent tuberculosis infection were: contact with detainee (OR = 2.12, 95%CI 1.21–3.71); male gender (OR = 1.97, 95%CI 1.19–3.27); between 30 and 39 years old (OR = 2.98, 95%CI 1.34–6.63), 40 to 49 years old (OR = 4.32, 95%CI 1.94–9.60), and 50 to 59 years old (OR = 3.98, 95%CI 1.68–9.43); nonwhite color or race (OR = 1.89, 95%CI 1.29–2.78); and smoker (OR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.05–2.55). There were no positive test on sputum smear microscopy and culture. Of the 241 (22.8%) professionals who underwent radiological examination, 48 (19.9%) presented alterations of which 11 were suspected of tuberculosis.CONCLUSIONSPrison employees who have direct contact with detainees are 2.12 times more likely to become infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the work environment and consequently to become ill with tuberculosis and should be targeted for disease prevention and control.

The Burden of Alcohol, Tobacco and Others Drugs Among Prisoners Diagnosed With Tuberculosis: Time Trends and Spatial Determinants in Southern Brazil

“…The use of tobacco and illegal drugs was prevalent among PDL diagnosed with TB, and an ascending trend was veri ed for alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs in prison facilities. The highest RR was found in the prisons located in the east macro-region (metropolitan region of Curitiba), showing that prisons contribute to TB burden and are an environment that favors the disease, considering a large number of alcohol consumers and drug users [5,7,9,19,20]. However, a high number of TB cases is observed among PDL, mainly pulmonary TB, which is of concern considering that the bacillus is airborne and the prisons' conditions such as overcrowding and poor ventilation favor the dissemination of TB [23].…”

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the prevalence of TB among PDL is 100 times higher than in the population in general [5, 6,7] the prison environment contributes to TB mortality rates, revealing that the control of the disease is a priority neglected throughout the world [8]. Due to the unhealthy condition to which this population is exposed, Brazilian prisons are considered an important reservoir of TB bacillus and, consequently, a source of transmission among prisoners, prison o cers, and their families [9].…”

“…It is estimated that 90% of the patients diagnosed with TB live in vulnerable environments with limited health resources [4], such as individuals living in correctional facilities.The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the prevalence of TB among PDL is 100 times higher than in the population in general [5, 6,7] the prison environment contributes to TB mortality rates, revealing that the control of the disease is a priority neglected throughout the world [8]. Due to the unhealthy condition to which this population is exposed, Brazilian prisons are considered an important reservoir of TB bacillus and, consequently, a source of transmission among prisoners, prison o cers, and their families [9].A literature review, conducted with the following descriptors "incarcerated," "drug abuse and tuberculosis," and "temporal trends and clustering," revealed that few studies address the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs among PDL diagnosed with TB, showing a need for further research. The development of studies addressing this population is crucial to promote equity and mitigate the effects of the TB burden, especially in a country like Brazil with a large contingent of prisoners.…”

Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection [LTBI] in Prison Officers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The search strategy in the databases and the gray literature search resulted in a total of 414 studies. Five studies [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] were selected after independently screening and duplicate selection to compose this review [Figure 1].…”

Innovative tracking, active search and follow-up strategies for new leprosy cases in the female prison population

“…The overcrowding and precarious conditions of the prison cells make this environment favorable to the spreading of the disease [ 9 ]. Moreover, poor feeding, lack of hygiene, sedentarism and the use of drugs, among other conditions, contribute to the occurrence of the disease in this population [ 10 ].…”