Burden of ischemic heart disease mortality attributable to physical inactivity in Brazil

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To analyze if the burden of ischemic heart disease mortality trend attributed to physical inactivity in Brazil differs from the global estimates.METHODS Databases from the Global Burden of Disease Study for Brazil, Brazilian states, and global information were used. We estimated the summary exposure value for physical inactivity, the total number of deaths, and the age-standardized death rates for ischemic heart disease attributed to physical inactivity in the years 1990 and 2015, and the population-attributable fraction. Data were presented according to sex.RESULTS The Brazilian population was found to have a risk of exposure to physical inactivity varying between 70.4% for men and 75.7% for women in the year of 1990. This risk of exposure was similar in 2015. In men, the mortality rate from ischemic heart disease attributed to physical inactivity decreased in 2015 by approximately 24% around the world and 45% in Brazil. For women, this decrease was in 31% around the world and 45% in Brazil. The states of Southern and Southeastern Brazil presented lower mortality rates due to ischemic heart disease attributed to physical inactivity. If physical inactivity were eliminated in Brazil, mortality from ischemic heart disease would be reduced by 15.8% for men and 15.2% for women.CONCLUSIONS Over 25 years, the risk of exposure to physical inactivity in Brazil did not change and was high compared to global estimates. The decrease in ischemic heart disease mortality results from the improvement of health services in Brazil and the control of other risk factors. Approximately 15% of deaths from ischemic heart disease in Brazil could be avoided if people met the recommendations for physical activity.

Physical inactivity as a risk factor for all-cause mortality in Brazil (1990–2017)

“…The present study found that from 1990 to 2017, Brazilian states with the lowest SDI and with the greatest social discrepancies had lower reductions in age-standardized mortality rates for all causes due to physical inactivity when compared to states with better economic development. This finding reinforces two problems that have already been presented in literature [ 18 , 28 ]: (1) physical inactivity is a serious problem in economically disadvantaged populations; (2) social and economic inequalities present in these states are reflecting on the health of the population, causing greater difficulty in reducing physical inactivity. Thus, increasing the level of physical activity of the population in order to reduce the risks of early mortality and morbidity due to noncommunicable chronic diseases should include efforts to improve the living conditions and reduce inequities of the population and not only isolated physical activity promotion actions.…”

Physical inactivity as a risk factor to mortality by ischemic heart disease during economic and political crisis in Brazil

“…Another limitation was the failure to analyze the economic austerity measures taken by each Brazilian state in the specific period of economic crisis, as each Brazilian state could, for example, have different taxation measures in relation to the federal government. Another limitation of this research was the calculation of physical activity only by surveys that used self-reported measures, whose estimates have higher risk of bias compared to objective measures ( Silva et al, 2018 ). Other limitations of estimation models are evidenced in literature ( GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators, 2018 ).…”

Comportamientos de riesgo para la salud en hombres mayores brasileños viudos

“…A diferencia de este resultado, estudios previos que verificaron los niveles de actividad física en el tiempo libre en los adultos mayores identificaron que la prevalencia aumenta con la edad (37,38) , aunque estos estudios no realizaron análisis estratificados de acuerdo con la situación conyugal de los adultos mayores. Una posible razón para el resultado encontrado en el presente estudio puede deberse al sesgo de supervivencia, dado que la inactividad física está asociada con la mortalidad, es posible que muchas personas de edad avanzada que murieron antes de cumplir 70 años hayan estado en promedio menos activas físicamente que los que alcanzaron esta edad (39,40,41) . Otra posible explicación puede ser el hecho de que probablemente haya una mayor proporción de jubilados entre aquellos con 70 a 79 años que entre los con 60 a 69 años, y es plausible imaginar que los jubilados tengan más tiempo libre y puedan ser más activos en este dominio que las personas no jubiladas.…”