A Re-evaluation of the Eucnemidae larval characters (Coleoptera)

Muona, Jyrki; Teräväinen, Marianna

doi:10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.special-issue.28

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…(Kusy et al ., 2018a,b; Bi et al ., 2019). Considering also the logical extreme, we could accept whole Elateroidea as a single family ( sans the artemotopodid clade) as recently mentioned by Muona & Taräväinen (2020). The clade would be defined by the clicking mechanism that was secondarily lost in half of its members.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Phylogenomic relationships of bioluminescent elateroids define the ‘lampyroid’ clade with clicking Sinopyrophoridae as its earliest member

Kusy

Bybee

et al. 2020

Systematic Entomology

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Bioluminescence has been hypothesized as aposematic signalling, intersexual communication and a predatory strategy, but origins and relationships among bioluminescent beetles have been contentious. We reconstruct the phylogeny of the bioluminescent elateroid beetles (i.e. Elateridae, Lampyridae, Phengodidae and Rhagophthalmidae), analysing genomic data of Sinopyrophorus Bi & Li, and in light of our phylogenetic results, we erect Sinopyrophoridae Bi & Li, stat.n. as a clicking elaterid‐like sister group of the soft‐bodied bioluminescent elateroid beetles, that is, Lampyridae, Phengodidae and Rhagophthalmidae. We suggest a single origin of bioluminescence for these four families, designated as the ‘lampyroid clade’, and examine the origins of bioluminescence in the terminal lineages of click beetles (Elateridae). The soft‐bodied bioluminescent lineages originated from the fully sclerotized elateroids as a derived clade with clicking Sinopyrophorus and Elateridae as their serial sister groups. This relationship indicates that the bioluminescent soft‐bodied elateroids are modified click beetles. We assume that bioluminescence was not present in the most recent common ancestor of Elateridae and the lampyroid clade and it evolved among this group with some delay, at the latest in the mid‐Cretaceous period, presumably in eastern Laurasia. The delimitation and internal structure of the elaterid‐lampyroid clade provides a phylogenetic framework for further studies on the genomic variation underlying the evolution of bioluminescence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Phylogenomic relationships of bioluminescent elateroids define the ‘lampyroid’ clade with clicking Sinopyrophoridae as its earliest member

Kusy

Bybee

et al. 2020

Systematic Entomology

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“…Apoclion was plesiomorphic with respect to these features but apomorphic as to the antennal structure. The enlarged apical antennomere was an important early Eucnemidae synapomorphy from Paleoxeninae on [ 6 , 20 ]. Its presence in Apoclion (and Paradesmatus ) suggested a relationship with Palaeoxeninae as well.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This feature has turned out to be an excellent synapomorphy for identifying all derived eucnemids [ 20 ]. It is present in Eucnemidae sensu Muona [ 6 ] except for the two most basal subfamilies Perothopinae and Phyllocerinae.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is present in Eucnemidae sensu Muona [ 6 ] except for the two most basal subfamilies Perothopinae and Phyllocerinae. It is a synapomorphy for all the lignicolous eucnemids, the clade “Eucnemidae from Pseudomeninae on” [ 12 , 20 ]. It is rarely reversed to an unmodified state in a few derived Macraulacini genera (e.g., Euryaulacus Bonvouloir, Nodema Fleutiaux, and some Scython Laporte species).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fourth clicking elateroid family, Eucnemidae, is closest to Elateridae in general appearance. Contrary to elaterids, the extant eucnemids can be defined by several synapomorphies, both external and internal, as well as in adults and larvae [ 6 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Clicking Elateroidea from Chinese Mesozoic Deposits (Insecta, Coleoptera)

Muona

Chang²,

Ren

2020

Insects

Self Cite

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Recent molecular studies have suggested that the clicking beetle families Elateridae, Eucnemidae, Throscidae, and Cerophytidae evolved in the Jurassic and diversified in the Cretaceous. These studies paid little attention to fossils, using them only as dating tools. The identification of Elateridae fossils is challenging, as external synapomorphies are not known for this family. Elateridae can be identified only as something not belonging to the other related families, all of which have diagnostic synapomorphies. Most subfamilies and tribes of Elateridae do possess definite diagnostic characters, however, making their identification feasible. We checked the 28 Elateridae described from Chinese Mesozoic deposits. Twelve were Elateridae, seven were Eucnemidae, and one was a Throscidae. Three species could be Eucnemidae, but showed aberrant characters. Five species could not be placed and may not belong to Elateroidea at all. On the basis of these results we suggest that all previously described Elateridae fossils should be re-checked. They should be searched for synapomorphies defining Eucnemidae, Throscidae, and Cerophytidae. If such characters are not present, a click beetle type of fossil can be placed in Elateroidae incertae sedis. The Mesozoic Chinese Elateridae fossils all belong to clades that do not exist today, whereas the Mesozoic Eucnemidae subfamilies are extant ones. This may be the source of the disagreement between Elateridae fossil age and datings based on molecular studies. One new combination was made: Desmatus ponomarenkoi (Chang, Kiretjshuk & Ren, 2009) NEW COMBINATION (= Paradesmatus ponomarenkoi Chang, Kirejtshuk & Ren, 2009).

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The first fossil false click beetle larva preserved in amber

Zippel

Haug

Müller³

et al. 2022

PalZ

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We report a new and unusual beetle larva preserved in ca. 100 million-year-old Kachin amber. Larvae of many modern lineages of beetles are associated with wood, breaking it into smaller pieces or directly digesting it. With such a lifestyle, beetle larvae are important for carbon cycling. We can assume that this is not only the case in modern ecosystems, but was similar in the past. Yet, wood-associated beetle larvae seem so far rare in Kachin amber despite its otherwise rich record of many different ecotypes. Only recently, solid-wood-boring larvae and those living in decaying wood have been reported from this amber deposit. Larvae of the group Eucnemidae, false click beetles, which are also wood-associated, have so far been only known from sedimentary rock deposits. Here we report the first larva of a false click beetle preserved in amber. The fossil larva combines features of different modern lineages of Eucnemidae in a unique morphology that is not known in the modern fauna. The fossil adds to the growing number of wood-associated holometabolan larvae in Kachin amber and with this contributes to a more complete view on this now extinct community and ecosystem.

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A Re-evaluation of the Eucnemidae larval characters (Coleoptera)

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Phylogenomic relationships of bioluminescent elateroids define the ‘lampyroid’ clade with clicking Sinopyrophoridae as its earliest member

Phylogenomic relationships of bioluminescent elateroids define the ‘lampyroid’ clade with clicking Sinopyrophoridae as its earliest member

The Clicking Elateroidea from Chinese Mesozoic Deposits (Insecta, Coleoptera)

The first fossil false click beetle larva preserved in amber

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