“…Several scholars frame the main governance challenge for smart cities and smart mobility as a grappling between urban problems and technological solutions (Albino et al, 2015;Dia, 2017;Finger & Audouin, 2019;Legacy et al, 2019;Meyer & Shaheen, 2017;Papa & Lauwers, 2015). Especially in transportation planning, there is seemingly an unwavering belief in technical or engineered solutions, where people often mistakenly conflate technology and innovation (Edgerton, 1999;Moraglio, 2018). Hence, it has been pointed out that while technical solutions may sometimes present a promising breakthrough, they are not absolute answers unless technology is integrated with social innovation, sustainability, and a broader cultural shift (Papa & Lauwers, 2015).…”