Two-Photon Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy

So, Peter T. C.; Chen, Dong; Masters, Barry R.; Berland, Keith M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.bioeng.2.1.399

Cited by 917 publications

(487 citation statements)

References 159 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…1a). Because of its superior sensitivity, as well as its improved tissue penetration and reduced propensity for photodamage (19,20), multiphoton microscopy was selected for all subsequent studies. Further, to significantly enhance the speed of data acquisition (a modification essential for capturing CTCs in rapidly flowing blood vessels), customary two-dimensional scanning was changed to one-dimensional line scanning along a transept orthogonal to the flow of blood in the monitored vessel.…”

Section: Evaluation and Optimization Of The Methods For In Vivo Imagimentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo quantitation of rare circulating tumor cells by multiphoton intravital flow cytometry

He¹,

Wang

Hartmann

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

268

274

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Quantitation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) constitutes an emerging tool for the diagnosis and staging of cancer, assessment of response to therapy, and evaluation of residual disease after surgery. Unfortunately, no existing technology has the sensitivity to measure the low numbers of tumor cells (<1 CTC per ml of whole blood) that characterize minimal levels of disease. We present a method, intravital flow cytometry, that noninvasively counts rare CTCs in vivo as they flow through the peripheral vasculature. The method involves i.v. injection of a tumor-specific fluorescent ligand followed by multiphoton fluorescence imaging of superficial blood vessels to quantitate the flowing CTCs. Studies in mice with metastatic tumors demonstrate that CTCs can be quantitated weeks before metastatic disease is detected by other means. Analysis of whole blood samples from cancer patients further establishes that human CTCs can be selectively labeled and quantitated when present at Ϸ2 CTCs per ml, opening opportunities for earlier assessment of metastatic disease.folate conjugates ͉ in vivo imaging ͉ multiphoton microscopy ͉ metastasis ͉ cancer diagnosis

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Section: Evaluation and Optimization Of The Methods For In Vivo Imagimentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo quantitation of rare circulating tumor cells by multiphoton intravital flow cytometry

He¹,

Wang

Hartmann

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

268

274

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This confers three-dimensional spatial resolution to the excitation profile, a property that has been extensively exploited in biological imaging [28,29] and offers some very interesting possibilities in photochemical therapy [27,30].…”

Section: (B) Multi-photon Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Imaging and microscopy comprise by far the most extensive applications of multi-photon excitation in biology [28,29,37]. A medical application is in photodynamic therapy (PDT), a method involving the excitation of a sensitizer, followed by energy transfer to dioxygen (O 2 ) leading to the formation of singlet dioxygen (scheme 3), which has the capability to destroy diseased tissue (or in some cases, pathogens) at that site [38][39][40].…”

Section: Some Therapeutic Applications Of Two-photon Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-photon excitation in uncaging the small molecule bioregulator nitric oxide

Garcia

Zhang

Ford

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Multi-photon excitation allows one to use tissue transmitting near-infrared (NIR) light to access excited states with energies corresponding to single-photon excitation in the visible or ultraviolet wavelength ranges. Here, we present an overview of the application of both simultaneous and sequential multi-photon excitation in studies directed towards the photochemical delivery (‘uncaging’) of bioactive small molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) to physiological targets. Particular focus will be directed towards the use of dyes with high two-photon absorption cross sections and lanthanide ion-doped upconverting nanoparticles as sensitizers to facilitate the uncaging of NO using NIR excitation.

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“…Nonlinear optical techniques such as multiphoton absorption, 66,67 second- 68,69 and third- [70][71][72] harmonic generation, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering [73][74][75][76][77] (CARS) are all being used to great advantage in microscopy. Due to their nonlinear intensity dependence, all of these techniques offer exceptional three-dimensional spatial resolution while generally not affecting the sample being studied anywhere except in the focal region.…”

Section: T 1 T Fill T 2 > T Fill T 3 < T Fill T Break < Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Kerr Effect Spectroscopy of Simple Liquids

2008

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Optical Kerr effect (OKE) spectroscopy has become a prominent nonlinear optical technique for studying liquids, which allows for the direct, time-resolved probing of collective orientational diffusion as well as Raman-active intermolecular and intramolecular modes.The temperature-dependent orientational dynamics of 1, n-dicyano n-alkane liquids ranging from dicyanomethane to 1,8-dicyanooctane has been investigated by ultrafast OKE spectroscopy. The dependence of the reorientational times on temperature and viscosity is consistent with the molecules adopting a largely extended structure in the liquid state, with a preference for gauche conformations at the methylenes bonded to the cyanide groups. The data are also suggestive of temperature-dependent, collective structural rearrangements in these liquids.Ultrafast OKE spectroscopy has also been used to study the intermolecular dynamics of aromatic liquids. A model that links the differences in the OKE spectra to corresponding differences in the local ordering of the liquids has been proposed previously based on the temperature-dependent OKE study of five aromatic liquids.The spectra of some other aromatic liquids such as pyridine, pyridine-d5, 2,4,6-trifluoropyridine and 1,3,5-tris(trifluoromethyl) benzene has been obtained to test this model, and the relative importance of molecular shape and electrostatic forces in determining the form of the OKE reduced spectral density for such liquids has been realized. It has recently been shown that liquid tetrahydrofuran (THF) has an unusual structure that features voids of significant dimension. Such voids should affect other observable properties of this liquid. Temperature-dependent, optical Kerr effect spectra for THF and a number of related liquids (furan, cyclopentane, tetrahydropyran, cyclohexane, diethyl ether, hexamethylphosphoramide and n-pentane) has been obtained to test whether the shape of the spectra can be used to reveal the presence of sizeable voids in liquids. Liquid under tension is another interesting system to study:A method based on Berthelot tube technique has been developed to hold benzene and acetonitrile under tension successfully.A new scheme for measuring different tensor elements of the OKE response is developed. A dual-ring, polarization dependent Sagnac interferometer is used to create two co-propagating probe pulses that arrive at the sample at different times but that reach the detector simultaneously and collinearly. The tensor element of the response that is measured is determined by the polarization of the pump pulse. By controlling the relative timing of the probe pulses it is also possible to perform optical subtraction of two different tensor elements of the response at two different times, a strategy that can be used to enhance or suppress particular contributions to the OKE response. OPTICAL KERR EFFECT SPECTROSCOPY OF SIMPLE LIQUIDS

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Two-Photon Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy

Cited by 917 publications

References 159 publications

In vivo quantitation of rare circulating tumor cells by multiphoton intravital flow cytometry

In vivo quantitation of rare circulating tumor cells by multiphoton intravital flow cytometry

Multi-photon excitation in uncaging the small molecule bioregulator nitric oxide

Optical Kerr Effect Spectroscopy of Simple Liquids

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