Strigolactones Stimulate Internode Elongation Independently of Gibberellins

Germain, Alexandre de Saint; Ligerot, Yasmine; Dun, Elizabeth A.; Pillot, Jean‐Paul; Ross, John J.; Beveridge, Christine A.; Rameau, Catherine

doi:10.1104/pp.113.220541

Cited by 145 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…3, A, C, and E). GA-mediated elongation and the loss of green color rely on the alteration of cell length and chlorophyll accumulation, respectively (Cheminant et al, 2011;de Saint Germain et al, 2013). As shown in Figure 3, B and D, GbWRKY1-overexpressing cotton plants display longer petiole epidermal cells than those of the wild type as observed with a scanning electron microscope.…”

Section: Gbwrky1 Negatively Regulates the Ja Signaling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 66%

Cotton WRKY1 Mediates the Plant Defense-to-Development Transition during Infection of Cotton by Verticillium dahliae by Activating JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN1 Expression

Luo

et al. 2014

Plant Physiology

129

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Plants have evolved an elaborate signaling network to ensure an appropriate level of immune response to meet the differing demands of developmental processes. Previous research has demonstrated that DELLA proteins physically interact with JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN1 (JAZ1) and dynamically regulate the interaction of the gibberellin (GA) and jasmonate (JA) signaling pathways. However, whether and how the JAZ1-DELLA regulatory node is regulated at the transcriptional level in plants under normal growth conditions or during pathogen infection is not known. Here, we demonstrate multiple functions of cotton (Gossypium barbadense) GbWRKY1 in the plant defense response and during development. Although GbWRKY1 expression is induced rapidly by methyl jasmonate and infection by Verticillium dahliae, our results show that GbWRKY1 is a negative regulator of the JA-mediated defense response and plant resistance to the pathogens Botrytis cinerea and V. dahliae. Under normal growth conditions, GbWRKY1-overexpressing lines displayed GA-associated phenotypes, including organ elongation and early flowering, coupled with the down-regulation of the putative targets of DELLA. We show that the GA-related phenotypes of GbWRKY1-overexpressing plants depend on the constitutive expression of Gossypium hirsutum GhJAZ1. We also show that GhJAZ1 can be transactivated by GbWRKY1 through TGAC core sequences, and the adjacent sequences of this binding site are essential for binding specificity and affinity to GbWRKY1, as revealed by dual-luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In summary, our data suggest that GbWRKY1 is a critical regulator mediating the plant defense-to-development transition during V. dahliae infection by activating JAZ1 expression.

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Section: Gbwrky1 Negatively Regulates the Ja Signaling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 66%

Cotton WRKY1 Mediates the Plant Defense-to-Development Transition during Infection of Cotton by Verticillium dahliae by Activating JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN1 Expression

Luo

et al. 2014

Plant Physiology

129

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“…The apparent dissociation constant (K m ) of rac-CL and rac-19-hydroxy-CL were 413 ± 65 and 960 ± 87 nM, respectively, when product CLA was quantified by LC-MS/MS using [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] CH 3 ]rac-CLA as an internal standard (Fig. S5C).…”

Section: Max1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The configuration of C-11 in CL is thought to be important to determine the stereochemistry of SL because C-2′ configuration of all natural SL is (R) (1). Stereoisomers 11R-CL and 11S-CL (14) were incubated with MAX1 microsomes at 500 nM, and the products 19-hydroxy-CL and CLA were quantified using their [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] ]-labeled racinternal standards. 19-Hydroxy-CL and CLA (both are assumed to be 11R) were produced from 11R-CL at 0.101 ± 0.005 and 0.025 ± 0.002 min −1 , respectively, whereas no 19-hydroxy-CL Fig.…”

Section: Max1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, these mutants have been identified as SL-deficient or -insensitive mutants, providing decisive evidence that SLs function as shoot branchinhibiting hormones (7,8). In addition, further characterization of these mutants has shown that SLs affect root growth and development, leaf shape and senescence, internode elongation, secondary growth, and drought and salinity stress responses (9)(10)(11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carlactone is converted to carlactonoic acid by MAX1 in Arabidopsis and its methyl ester can directly interact with AtD14 in vitro

Abe¹,

Sado

Tanaka

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

353

364

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Strigolactones (SLs) stimulate seed germination of root parasitic plants and induce hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere. In addition, they have been classified as a new group of plant hormones essential for shoot branching inhibition. It has been demonstrated thus far that SLs are derived from carotenoid via a biosynthetic precursor carlactone (CL), which is produced by sequential reactions of DWARF27 (D27) enzyme and two carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases CCD7 and CCD8. We previously found an extreme accumulation of CL in the more axillary growth1 (max1) mutant of Arabidopsis, which exhibits increased lateral inflorescences due to SL deficiency, indicating that CL is a probable substrate for MAX1 (CYP711A1), a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. To elucidate the enzymatic function of MAX1 in SL biosynthesis, we incubated CL with a recombinant MAX1 protein expressed in yeast microsomes. MAX1 catalyzed consecutive oxidations at C-19 of CL to convert the C-19 methyl group into carboxylic acid, 9-desmethyl-9-carboxy-CL [designated as carlactonoic acid (CLA)]. We also identified endogenous CLA and its methyl ester [methyl carlactonoate (MeCLA)] in Arabidopsis plants using LC-MS/MS. Although an exogenous application of either CLA or MeCLA suppressed the growth of lateral inflorescences of the max1 mutant, MeCLA, but not CLA, interacted with Arabidopsis thaliana DWARF14 (AtD14) protein, a putative SL receptor, as shown by differential scanning fluorimetry and hydrolysis activity tests. These results indicate that not only known SLs but also MeCLA are biologically active in inhibiting shoot branching in Arabidopsis.strigolactone | biosynthesis | cytochrome P450 | Arabidopsis | rice S trigolactones (SLs) are allelochemicals, exuded from plant roots, that stimulate seed germination of root parasitic plants, Striga spp., Orobanche spp., and Phelipanche spp. (1). The hyphal branching of the biotrophic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is also induced by SLs in the vicinity of host roots to ensure symbiosis with host plants (2). SLs are not only host recognition signals in the rhizosphere but also play important roles in the SLproducing plants themselves. Since the mid-1990s, the existence of novel hormone-like signals involved in shoot branching inhibition of plants had been proposed following the isolation and analysis of mutants with increased shoot branching, ramosus (rms) of pea (Pisum sativum), decreased apical dominance (dad) of petunia (Petunia hybrida), more axillary growth (max) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and dwarf (d) and high tillering dwarf (htd) of rice (Oryza sativa) (3-6). Recently, these mutants have been identified as SL-deficient or -insensitive mutants, providing decisive evidence that SLs function as shoot branchinhibiting hormones (7,8). In addition, further characterization of these mutants has shown that SLs affect root growth and development, leaf shape and senescence, internode elongation, secondary growth, and drought and salinity stress responses (9-11).Despit...

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“…A hormone model of primary root growth in which the wall extensibility is determined by the concentration of a wall enzyme (unspecified by the authors), whose production and degradation are assumed to be controlled by auxin and cytokinin, was proposed by Chavarria-Krauser et al (2005). Additionally, the role of new class of plant hormones, strigolactones (SLs), was postulated in this process (de Saint Germain et al 2013;Marzec and Muszynska 2015). More recently, Pietruszka (2012) formulated a biosynthesis/inactivation model for enzymatic wall loosening factors or non-enzymatically mediated cell evolution based on the Lockhart (1965) type of equation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective diffusion rates and cross-correlation analysis of “acid growth” data

Pietruszka

Haduch-Sendecka

2016

Acta Physiol Plant

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We investigated the growth-temperature relationship in plants using a quantitative perspective of a recently derived growth functional. We showed that auxininduced growth is achieved by the diffusion rate, which is almost constant or slowly ascending in temperature, while the diffusion rate of fusicoccin (FC)-induced growth increases monotonically with temperature for the entire temperature range (0-45)°C, although for some concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ''super-diffusion'' takes place for unperturbed growth. We also calculated the cross-correlations and the derivative of cross-correlations for elongation growth (rate) and pH as a function of time delay (lag) parameterised by temperature for artificial pond water (APW) control conditions (endogenous growth) and exogenous IAA and FC that were introduced into the medium. Dimensionality analysis revealed that discontinuities in the cross-correlation derivative corresponded to H ? ion kinetics, which attained definite numerical values that were approximately proportional to the (logarithm of) proton secretion rates (or relative buffer acidification). Furthermore, three types of experiments were compared: for abraded coleoptiles, coleoptile segments and intact growing seedlings. From the cross-correlation analysis, it was found that the timing of IAA and FC-induced proton secretion and growth matched well. Unambiguous results concerning the canvas constituting acid growth hypothesis were obtained by cross-and auto-correlation analysis: (1) for abraded coleoptiles, because of the lowering of the cuticle potential barrier, auxin-induced cell wall pH decreased simultaneously with the change in growth rate; no advancement or retardation of pH (proton efflux rate) or growth rate took place, (2) exogenous protons were able to substitute for auxin thus causing wall loosening and growth, (3) although the underlying molecular mechanisms differ vastly, a potent stimulator of proton secretion, the fungal toxin FC, promoted growth that was similar to auxin, although of an elevated intensity; as for auxin-no advancement or retardation took place.

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Strigolactones Stimulate Internode Elongation Independently of Gibberellins

Cited by 145 publications

References 101 publications

Cotton WRKY1 Mediates the Plant Defense-to-Development Transition during Infection of Cotton by Verticillium dahliae by Activating JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN1 Expression

Cotton WRKY1 Mediates the Plant Defense-to-Development Transition during Infection of Cotton by Verticillium dahliae by Activating JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN1 Expression

Carlactone is converted to carlactonoic acid by MAX1 in Arabidopsis and its methyl ester can directly interact with AtD14 in vitro

Effective diffusion rates and cross-correlation analysis of “acid growth” data

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