Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gynecological Health: An Integrative Review

Marquini, Gisele Vissoci; Martins, Sérgio Brasileiro; Oliveira, Letícia Maria de; Dias, Márcia Maria; Takano, Cláudia Cristina; Sartori, Marair Grácio Ferreira

doi:10.1055/s-0042-1742294

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…Phelan et al (2021) investigated how the menstrual cycle was disrupted, such as an increase in missed periods, heavy and painful periods, and worsening premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms in women. Marquini et al (2022) reported that women faced menstrual irregularities, effects on contraception, alterations in steroid hormones, changes in urogynecological care, mental health issues, and the damaging results of violence against women in the COVID-19 pandemic. Madjunkov, Dviri and Librach (2020) discovered that during a pandemic, gynaecological health can deteriorate, causing serious mental and physical suffering and enormous consequences for females' overall health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s Health during COVID-19 Pandemic

Anupriya

Verma²,

Rani

et al. 2023

MAS

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The COVID-19 pandemic afflicted all aspects of humanity with skepticism. It is meaningful to study its impact on women who worked appreciably hard to protect the family by taking charge of all the household responsibilities along with immense psychological and domestic challenges. The present study investigates women’s physical, mental, and reproductive health disturbances amid the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. 50 women between the ages of 21 and 50 were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Sir Sunder Lal Hospital and the Institute of Medical Sciences at the BHU in Uttar Pradesh, India. The Physical Health Questionnaire (Schat, Aaron & Kelloway, Kevin & Desmarais, Serge, 2005), the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979), and the Reproductive Health Questionnaire (Eadie & Runtz, 2007) were used to measure physical health, mental health, and reproductive health, respectively. Overall, women experienced physical, mental, and reproductive health problems. The findings revealed significant differences in physical health between married and unmarried women, working and non-working women, and reproductive health differences between women in nuclear and joint families. Women’s reproductive health significantly positively correlates with mental and physical health, and mental health also significantly positively correlates with physical health. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on women’s health, irrespective of socio-economic strata. They faced greater health risks because they were responsible for both family and work. It deteriorated their overall health—physical, mental, and reproductive— while planning, managing, and handling the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s Health during COVID-19 Pandemic

Anupriya

Verma²,

Rani

et al. 2023

MAS

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Assessing Large Language Models’ Proficiency, Clarity, and Objectivity at the Intersection of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Global Public Health: Cross-Sectional, Comparative Analysis with Specialists' Knowledge on COVID-19 Impacts in Pregnancy (Preprint)

Bragazzi,

Buchinger,

Atwan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly strained healthcare systems globally, leading to an overwhelming influx of patients and exacerbating resource limitations. Concurrently, an “infodemic” of misinformation, particularly prevalent in women's health, has emerged. This challenge has been pivotal for healthcare providers, especially gynecologists and obstetricians, in managing pregnant women's health. The pandemic heightened risks for pregnant women from COVID-19, necessitating balanced advice from specialists on vaccine safety versus known risks. Additionally, the advent of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as large language models (LLMs), offers promising support in healthcare. However, they necessitate rigorous testing. OBJECTIVE To assess LLMs’ proficiency, clarity, and objectivity regarding COVID-19 impacts in pregnancy. METHODS This study evaluates four major AI prototypes (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Microsoft Copilot, and Google Bard) using zero-shot prompts in a questionnaire validated among 172 Israeli gynecologists and obstetricians. The questionnaire assesses proficiency in providing accurate information on COVID-19 in relation to pregnancy. Text-mining, sentiment analysis, and readability (Flesch-Kincaid grade level) were also conducted. RESULTS In terms of LLMs’ knowledge, ChatGPT-4 and Microsoft Copilot each scored 96.7%, Google Bard 93.3%, and ChatGPT-3.5 80.0%. Concerning misinformation instances, ChatGPT-4 incorrectly stated an increased risk of miscarriage due to COVID-19. Google Bard and Microsoft Copilot had minor inaccuracies concerning COVID-19 transmission and complications. At the sentiment analysis, polarity scores were moderately positive, with ChatGPT-4 at 0.37, followed by Microsoft Copilot at 0.33, ChatGPT-3.5 at 0.25, and Google Bard at 0.23. Subjectivity levels were moderate, with Microsoft Copilot being the most objective (0.42). Finally, concerning the readability analysis, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level showed ChatGPT-3.5 at 25.34, followed by Google Bard at 18.30, Microsoft Copilot at 11.27, and ChatGPT-4 at 21.12. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights varying knowledge levels of LLMs in relation to COVID-19 and pregnancy. ChatGPT-3.5 showed the least knowledge and alignment with scientific evidence. Readability and complexity analyses suggest that each AI's approach is tailored to specific audiences, with ChatGPT versions being more suitable for specialized readers. The sentiment analysis underscores the importance of factual and objective information dissemination. Overall, ChatGPT-4, Microsoft Copilot, and Google Bard generally provide accurate, updated information on COVID-19 and vaccines in women's health, aligning with health guidelines. The study demonstrates the potential role of AI in supplementing healthcare knowledge, with a need for continuous updating and verification of AI knowledge bases. The choice of AI tool should consider the target audience and required information detail level.

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Associations between Diet and Changes in Pain Levels among Young Women with Premenstrual Syndrome—A Preliminary Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mizgier¹,

Jarząbek-Bielecka

Drejza

et al. 2023

JCM

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The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PMS (premenstrual syndrome)-related pain among young women following a particular type of diet during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was compared to the period before the pandemic. Furthermore, we aimed to determine whether the increase in the intensification of pain was correlated to their age, body weight, height and BMI, and whether there are differences in PMS-related pain between women who differ in their diet. A total of 181 young female Caucasian patients who met the criteria for PMS were involved in the study. Patients were divided according to the kind of diet they had followed during the last 12 months before the first medical evaluation. The rise in pain score was evaluated according to the Visual Analog Scale before and during the pandemic. Women following a non-vegetarian (“basic”) diet had a significantly higher body weight in comparison to those on a vegetarian diet. Furthermore, a significant difference was noted between the level of intensification of pain before and during the pandemic in women applying a basic diet, a vegetarian and an elimination diet. Before the pandemic, women from all groups felt weaker pain than during the pandemic. No significant difference in the intensification of pain during the pandemic was shown between women with various diets, nor was there a correlation between intensification of pain and the girl’s age, BMI, their body weight and also height for any of the diets applied.

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Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gynecological Health: An Integrative Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Women’s Health during COVID-19 Pandemic

Women’s Health during COVID-19 Pandemic

Assessing Large Language Models’ Proficiency, Clarity, and Objectivity at the Intersection of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Global Public Health: Cross-Sectional, Comparative Analysis with Specialists' Knowledge on COVID-19 Impacts in Pregnancy (Preprint)

Associations between Diet and Changes in Pain Levels among Young Women with Premenstrual Syndrome—A Preliminary Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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