COVID-19: Priority Use of N95 Mask or Double Mask

Jotz, Geraldo Pereira; Matos, Fátima Cristina Mendes

doi:10.1055/s-0041-1728716

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…A simulation study on COVID-19 emphasized that vaccine alone is insufficient to contain the pandemic and the risks associated with relaxation of NPIs [ 5 ]. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United States has also issued guidelines promoting double masking, which emphasized the use of masks for the prevention of COVID-19 infection [ 6 , 7 ]. The WHO advocates surgical masks for non-aerosol generating procedures involving COVID-19 patients but the CDC, United States and European CDC differ and recommend the use of N95 respirators even for non-aerosol generating procedures [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-effectiveness analysis of surgical masks, N95 masks compared to wearing no mask for the prevention of COVID-19 among health care workers: Evidence from the public health care setting in India

Sharma,

Sra,

Painter

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Nonpharmacological interventions, such as personal protective equipment for example, surgical masks and respirators, and maintenance of hand hygiene along with COVID-19 vaccines have been recommended to reduce viral transmission in the community and health care settings. There is evidence from the literature that surgical and N95 masks may reduce the initial degree of exposure to the virus. A limited research that has studied the cost-effective analysis of surgical masks and N95 masks among health care workers in the prevention of COVID-19 in India. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of N95 and surgical mask compared to wearing no mask in public hospital settings for preventing COVID-19 infection among Health care workers (HCWs) from the health care provider’s perspective. Methods A deterministic baseline model, without any mask use, based on Eikenberry et al was used to form the foundation for parameter estimation and to estimate transmission rates among HCWs. Information on mask efficacy, including the overall filtering efficiency of a mask and clinical efficiency, in terms of either inward efficiency(ei) or outward efficiency(e0), was obtained from published literature. Hospitalized HCWs were assumed to be in one of the disease states i.e., mild, moderate, severe, or critical. A total of 10,000 HCWs was considered as representative of the size of a tertiary care institution HCW population. The utility values for the mild, moderate and severe model health states were sourced from the primary data collection on quality-of-life of HCWs COVID-19 survivors. The utility scores for mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 conditions were 0.88, 0.738 and 0.58, respectively. The cost of treatment for mild sickness (6,500 INR per day), moderate sickness (10,000 INR per day), severe (require ICU facility without ventilation, 15,000 INR per day), and critical (require ICU facility with ventilation per day, 18,000 INR) per day as per government and private COVID-19 treatment costs and capping were considered. One way sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the model inputs which had the largest impact on model results. Results The use of N95 masks compared to using no mask is cost-saving of $1,454,632 (INR 0.106 billion) per 10,000 HCWs in a year. The use of N95 masks compared to using surgical masks is cost-saving of $63,919 (INR 0.005 billion) per 10,000 HCWs in a year. the use of surgical masks compared to using no mask is cost-saving of $1,390,713 (INR 0.102 billion) per 10,000 HCWs in a year. The uncertainty analysis showed that considering fixed transmission rate (1.7), adoption of mask efficiency as 20%, 50% and 80% reduces the cumulative relative mortality to 41%, 79% and 94% respectively. On considering ei = e0 (99%) for N95 and surgical mask with ei = e0 (90%) the cumulative relative mortality was reduced by 97% and the use of N95 masks compared to using surgical masks is cost-saving of $24,361 (INR 0.002 billion) per 10,000 HCWs in a year. Discussion Both considered interventions were dominant compared to no mask based on the model estimates. N95 masks were also dominant compared to surgical masks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-effectiveness analysis of surgical masks, N95 masks compared to wearing no mask for the prevention of COVID-19 among health care workers: Evidence from the public health care setting in India

Sharma,

Sra,

Painter

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In response to the critical shortage of medical masks resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, large portions of the population are mobilizing to produce cloth masks using locally sourced fabrics which is not as efficient as surgical and N95 mask . (6) Fabric masks are recommended to prevent onward transmission in the general population in public areas, particularly where distancing is not possible, and in areas of community transmission and this could include the school grounds in some situations. Masks may help to protect others, because wearers may be infected before symptoms of illness appear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey Regarding Awareness of Continuance of Mask Practices Post Vaccination

2022

JETT

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Introduction: The knowledge that the use of face masks delays the SARS-CoV-2 transmission is rapidly gaining popularity in the general population. Respiratory masks (RM) are protective devices covering a part of the face. They are designed to protect both the person who wears them and the immediate environment from breathable pollutants. Researchers have used various approaches to develop vaccines that protect against COVID-19 and as a result, they have developed different types of vaccine, including covishield which is found to have efficacy of 71% whereas covaxin has the efficacy rate of 82%. Aim : To evaluate awareness level regarding continuance of mask practices post vaccination among Dental students . Materials And Methods: In this study, a survey was conducted among 100 dental students of a private dental college by circulating a questionnaire . Google forms and links were shared in various social media. 10 questions consisting related to awareness, usage of mask after vaccination were included in the study. Undergraduates, postgraduate students of the private dental colleges were only included in the study.The data was collected and analysed using SPSS software version 23 and the statistical significance was checked using Chi-Square analysis . ( p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant) Results: It was observed that students are aware of various masks and the importance of masks, vaccination and usage of masks post vaccination. Conclusion: It was noted that there is still a lack of awareness prevailing , hence more updates have to be given among undergraduate students regarding the use of mask practices post vaccination for better knowledge .

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COVID-19: Priority Use of N95 Mask or Double Mask

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Cost-effectiveness analysis of surgical masks, N95 masks compared to wearing no mask for the prevention of COVID-19 among health care workers: Evidence from the public health care setting in India

Cost-effectiveness analysis of surgical masks, N95 masks compared to wearing no mask for the prevention of COVID-19 among health care workers: Evidence from the public health care setting in India

Survey Regarding Awareness of Continuance of Mask Practices Post Vaccination

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