Olfactory and Taste Disorders in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Begam, Nazia; Bashar, M. Abul

doi:10.1055/s-0040-1713142

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to systemic, respiratory, and cardiovascular complications [ 2 ], it has been reported that patients with COVID-19 can manifest symptoms of a central nervous system (CNS) infection, such as impaired consciousness, headache, encephalopathy, delirium, paresthesia, ataxia, encephalitis, as well as acute cerebrovascular events, such as ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke [ 3 – 12 ]. COVID-19 patients also experience rhabdomyolysis [ 13 ], myositis [ 14 ], Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) [ 15 ], and taste or olfactory impairment [ 16 , 17 ]. The incidence of neurological complications is estimated to be around 37% in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of SARS-CoV-2-related receptors in cells of the neurovascular unit: implications for HIV-1 infection

Torices

Cabrera

Stangis

et al. 2021

J Neuroinflammation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Neurological complications are common in patients affected by COVID-19 due to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect brains. While the mechanisms of this process are not fully understood, it has been proposed that SARS-CoV-2 can infect the cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The aim of the current study was to analyze the expression pattern of the main SARS-CoV-2 receptors in naïve and HIV-1-infected cells of the NVU in order to elucidate a possible pathway of the virus entry into the brain and a potential modulatory impact of HIV-1 in this process. Methods The gene and protein expression profile of ACE2, TMPRSS2, ADAM17, BSG, DPP4, AGTR2, ANPEP, cathepsin B, and cathepsin L was assessed by qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunostaining, respectively. In addition, we investigated if brain endothelial cells can be affected by the exposure to the S1 subunit of the S protein, the domain responsible for the direct binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptors. Results The receptors involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection are co-expressed in the cells of the NVU, especially in astrocytes and microglial cells. These receptors are functionally active as exposure of endothelial cells to the SARS CoV-2 S1 protein subunit altered the expression pattern of tight junction proteins, such as claudin-5 and ZO-1. Additionally, HIV-1 infection upregulated ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in brain astrocytes and microglia cells. Conclusions These findings provide key insight into SARS-CoV-2 recognition by cells of the NVU and may help to develop possible treatment of CNS complications of COVID-19.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of SARS-CoV-2-related receptors in cells of the neurovascular unit: implications for HIV-1 infection

Torices

Cabrera

Stangis

et al. 2021

J Neuroinflammation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…COVID-19 patients also experience rhabdomyolysis (13), myositis (14) or peripheral nervous system symptoms, including Guillain-Barré syndrome (15), and taste or olfactory impairment (16,17), The incidence of neurological complications is estimated to be around 37% in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of SARS-CoV-2-related Receptors in Cells of the Neurovascular Unit: Implications for HIV-1 Infection

Torices

Cabrera

Stangis

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. Neurological complications are common in patients affected by COVID-19 due to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect brains. While the mechanisms of this process are not fully understood, it has been proposed that SARS-CoV-2 can infect the cells of the neurovascular units (NVU), which form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The aim of the current study was to analyze the expression pattern of the main SARS-CoV-2 receptors in naïve and HIV-1-infected cells of the NVU in order to elucidate a possible pathway of the virus entry into the brain and a potential modulatory impact of HIV-1 in this process. Methods. The gene and protein expression profile of ACE2, TMPRSS2, ADAM17, BSG, DPP4, AGTR2, ANPEP, cathepsin B and cathepsin L was assessed by qPCR and immunoblotting, respectively. In addition, we investigated if brain endothelial cells can be affected by the exposure to the S1 subunit of the S protein, the domain responsible for the direct binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptors. Results. The receptors involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection are coexpressed in the cells of the NVU, especially in astrocytes and microglial cells. These receptors are functionally active as exposure of endothelial cells to the SARS CoV-2 S1 protein subunit altered the expression pattern of tight junction proteins, such as claudin-5 and ZO-1. Additionally, HIV-1 infection upregulated ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in brain astrocytes and microglia cells.Conclusions. These findings provide key insight into SARS-CoV-2 recognition by cells of the NVU and may help to develop possible treatment of CNS complications of COVID-19.

show abstract

“…Such areas of crowded people, exotic wildlife and low-quality sanitary conditions represent high-risk places for emerging of novel zoonotic infections. The symptoms of the novel viral infection were identified as fever, dry cough, headache and pneumonia, altered sense of smell or taste (anosmia or hyposmia) [138] , [139] , [140] , [141] . The infectious agent was identified as Coronavirus, designated SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Potential Applications Of Crispr Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR-Cas systems for diagnosing infectious diseases

Kostyusheva

Brezgin

Babin

et al. 2022

Methods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infectious diseases are a global health problem affecting billions of people. Developing rapid and sensitive diagnostic tools is key for successful patient management and curbing disease spread. Currently available diagnostics are very specific and sensitive but time-consuming and require expensive laboratory settings and well-trained personnel; thus, they are not available in resource-limited areas, for the purposes of large-scale screenings and in case of outbreaks and epidemics. Developing new, rapid, and affordable point-of-care diagnostic assays is urgently needed. This review focuses on CRISPR-based technologies and their perspectives to become platforms for point-of-care nucleic acid detection methods and as deployable diagnostic platforms that could help to identify and curb outbreaks and emerging epidemics. We describe the mechanisms and function of different classes and types of CRISPR-Cas systems, including pros and cons for developing molecular diagnostic tests and applications of each type to detect a wide range of infectious agents. Many Cas proteins (Cas3, Cas9, Cas12, Cas13, Cas14 etc.) have been leveraged to create highly accurate and sensitive diagnostic tools combined with technologies of signal amplification and fluorescent, potentiometric, colorimetric, lateral flow assay detection and other. In particular, the most advanced platforms -- SHERLOCK/v2, DETECTR, CARMEN or CRISPR-Chip -- enable detection of attomolar amounts of pathogenic nucleic acids with specificity comparable to that of PCR but with minimal technical settings. Further developing CRISPR-based diagnostic tools promises to dramatically transform molecular diagnostics, making them easily affordable and accessible virtually anywhere in the world. The burden of socially significant diseases, frequent outbreaks, recent epidemics (MERS, SARS and the ongoing COVID-19) and outbreaks of zoonotic viruses (African Swine Fever Virus etc.) urgently need the developing and distribution of express-diagnostic tools. Recently devised CRISPR-technologies represent the unprecedented opportunity to reshape epidemiological surveillance and molecular diagnostics.

show abstract

Olfactory and Taste Disorders in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Expression of SARS-CoV-2-related receptors in cells of the neurovascular unit: implications for HIV-1 infection

Expression of SARS-CoV-2-related receptors in cells of the neurovascular unit: implications for HIV-1 infection

Expression of SARS-CoV-2-related Receptors in Cells of the Neurovascular Unit: Implications for HIV-1 Infection

CRISPR-Cas systems for diagnosing infectious diseases

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About