Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Isolates in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Kaduna, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction A common practice in the management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the empirical use of antibiotics may contribute to treatment failure and to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Objective To determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria associated with CRS. Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which endoscopically guided middle meatal swabs (IBM Spss, version 16.0, Chicago, IL, USA) were aseptically taken from patients diagnosed with CRS after obtaining informed consent and ethical clearance. The samples were sent to the laboratory for qualitative and semiquantitative analysis via gram stain, aerobic, anaerobic cultures and antibacterial sensitivity tests. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Simple statistical parameters and paired sample t-test were used, as appropriate. Results There were 74 (56.92%) bacterial growths, out of which 55 (74.32%) were aerobic and 19 (25.68%) were anaerobic isolates, from a total of 130 patients. About 13 (17.5%–18%) of these bacterial growths yielded a mixed growth of aerobic and anaerobic isolates. The most common bacterial isolates were 26 (35.14%) Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae 9 (12.16%), Streptococcus viridians 8 (10.81%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae 5 (6.76%). Augmentin, ciprofloxacin, and Peflacine were found to be most effective, followed by levofloxacin, Rocephin, erythromycin and Zinat in that order. Conclusion Augmentin, ciprofloxacin and Peflacine have a sensitivity of 100%, while most of the organisms show resistance to Ampiclox, amoxicillin, and Septrin.

Bacterial Flora and Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Outpatient Cases in Tertiary Care Hospital

“…4 In our study, most of the gram positive organisms were sensitive to Amoxycillin whereas the study by Musa et al showed most of the bacterial isolates were resistant to Amoxycillin. 4 Nadel et al reported that Staphylococcus aureus followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus were the common bacterial flora in swabs taken from spenoethmoid recess using nasal endoscopy. 5 Lux et al from New Zealand also concluded that Staphylococcus was a dominant bacterial genus in chronic rhinosinusitis and showed that the overall effect of antibiotics was minimal for patient symptom scores and did not support preoperative antibiotics treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis.…”

“…Musa et al from a district hospital in Nigeria showed that the most common bacterial isolate in chronic rhinosinusitis was Staphylococcus aureus (35.1%) followed by Haemophilus influenza (12.1%). 4 Both Musa et al and our study showed that the most common gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus (35% vs 42%) and the most common gram negative bacteria was Haemophilus influenza (12% vs 8%). 4 In our study, most of the gram positive organisms were sensitive to Amoxycillin whereas the study by Musa et al showed most of the bacterial isolates were resistant to Amoxycillin.…”

“…4 Both Musa et al and our study showed that the most common gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus (35% vs 42%) and the most common gram negative bacteria was Haemophilus influenza (12% vs 8%). 4 In our study, most of the gram positive organisms were sensitive to Amoxycillin whereas the study by Musa et al showed most of the bacterial isolates were resistant to Amoxycillin. 4 Nadel et al reported that Staphylococcus aureus followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus were the common bacterial flora in swabs taken from spenoethmoid recess using nasal endoscopy.…”

Antibiotic Treatment for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Prescription Patterns and Associations With Patient Outcome and the Sinus Microbiota

“…In CRS patients, resistance against second generation cephalosporins for Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis has been noted ( Brook, 2017 ). Additionally, resistance against penicillins (e.g., amoxicillin) and sulfonamides (co-trimoxazole) in bacterial isolates from CRS patients has been recently reported ( Musa et al, 2019 ).…”

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“…In CRS patients, resistance against second generation cephalosporins for Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis has been noted (Brook, 2017). Additionally, resistance against penicillins (e.g., amoxicillin) and sulfonamides (co-trimoxazole) in bacterial isolates from CRS patients has been recently reported (Musa et al, 2019).…”