Limb Body Wall Complex Associated with Placenta Accreta: A Mere Coincidence or a Sign of an Etiopathogenic Link?

Abstract

A case was reported of a fetus with the anomaly of limb body wall complex associated with placenta accreta. To date, only one account of this condition has been published in the world literature. Due to the low frequency of both complications, the hypothesis has been raised that this association may have happened not by mere coincidence, but rather by a possible common etiopathogenic mechanism. For the first time, a study proposes the existence of a possible etiopathogenic connection between the anomaly of limb body wall complex and hypoxic disorders caused by inadequate placentation in previous uterine scarring.

Unusual facio‐upper arm band of a fetus mimicking amniotic band syndrome

“…Associated anomalies with LBWC are intestinal atresia, spina bifida and single umbilical artery. In early gestation, the mesodermal bands caused by an amniotic rupture forms and attaches to the fetal structures, an estimated process that is thought to cause the LBWC . On the other hand, amniotic band sequence contains a wide spectrum of deformities ranging from minor limb and digital defects to life‐threatening anomalies, such as neural tube defects and LBWC .…”

“…In early gestation, the mesodermal bands caused by an amniotic rupture forms and attaches to the fetal structures, an estimated process that is thought to cause the LBWC. 10 On the other hand, amniotic band sequence contains a wide spectrum of deformities ranging from minor limb and digital defects to life-threatening anomalies, such as neural tube defects and LBWC. 1 Our case can be considered as a part of this spectrum considering some defects, such as involving lower extremities, scoliosis and facial cleft.…”

Placenta mórbidamente adherente asociada a malformaciones congénitas: reporte de caso.

“…En la placenta mórbidamente adherida se presenta una excesiva invasión del trofoblasto en el miometrio debido a una deficiente decidualizacion 9 . Adicionalmente la placenta mórbidamente adherida se ha asociado con morbimortalidad neonatal y fetal; donde las causas identificadas se relacionan con ruptura prematura de membranas 16 , anomalías congénitas 16,17 , hemorragia anteparto e infección, que pueden conducir a prematuridad extrema, lesiones neurológicas, gastrointestinales o cardiorrespiratorias 16 .…”

Anatomy‐based diagnostic criteria for complex body wall anomalies (CBWA)

“…Type V Thoracoabdominoschisis, spinal defect, anomalous umbilical cord, and structural limb defect. Crespo et al, 2012 Case 2;Hacivelioglu & Tarim, 2010 Case 2;Jensen et al, 1993 a ;Negishi et al, 1998 Case 2;Okido et al, 2017;Patten et al, 1986 Cases: 2, 9;Plakkal et al, 2008;Sahinoglu et al, 2007 Cases: 4, 6;Smrcek et al, 2003 Case 3 11/189…”

“…Type VIII Abdominoschisis, spinal defect, anomalous umbilical cord, and nonstructural limb or no limb defect. Bhat et al, 2016 Cases: 1-3;Bugge, 2012 Case 13;Chen et al, 2018;Coleman et al, 2018 Cases: 6;Cusí et al,1996 Cases: 5, 6, 7;Daskalakis & Nicolaides, 2002 Case 2;Deruelle et al, 2000 Case 3;Devi et al, 2015;Gazolla et al, 2014 Cases: 2, 3, 5, 7, 8;Grigore, 2014;Gulczyński et al, 2019 Cases: 4-6, 8, 9, 11;Hacivelioglu & Tarim, 2010 Case 3;Higuchi et al, 2013;Hirokawa et al, 2003;Hunter et al, 2011 Case 3 a ; Iba et al, 2016 Cases: 1, 2;Jun et al, 1991;Kamudhamas & Manusook, 2001 Case 2;Kocherla et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2003;Moerman et al, 1992 Cases: 8, 10, 17, 18;Negishi et al, 1998 Cases: 4, 6, 7, 8;Patten et al, 1986 Cases: 3, 8;Paul et al, 2001;Routhu et al, 2016 Case 7;Sahinoglu et al, 2007 Case 3;Smrcek et al, 2003 Cases: 4, 5, 7, 9, 11 Bohîlţea et al, 2017;Crespo et al, 2012 Case 2;Jensen et al, 1993;Okido et al, 2017;Patten et al, 1986 Case 2;Plakkal et al, 2008;Sahinoglu et al, 2007 Case 6 7/189 LBWC 3.7% NSLA Bugge, 2012 Case 13;Colpaert et al, 2000 Case 1;Grigore, 2014;Gulczyński et al, 2019 Case 6;Hacivelioglu & Tarim, 2010 Case 3;…”