Challenges of Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Women

Duarte, Geraldo

doi:10.1055/s-0036-1584206

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…However, if the infection occurred during the first trimester, this rate can reach 11%, because it occurs in a phase of high potential of cellular differentiation. 55 In the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, the rate of severe fetal involvement in mothers with symptomatic ZIKV infection is of 6.2%.…”

Section: Concept and Prognosis Of Microcephalymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Women and Microcephaly

Duarte

Moron

Timerman³

et al. 2017

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet

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From the discovery of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in 1947 in Uganda (Africa), until its arrival in South America, it was not known that it would affect human reproductive life so severely. Today, damage to the central nervous system is known to be multiple, and microcephaly is considered the tip of the iceberg. Microcephaly actually represents the epilogue of this infection's devastating process on the central nervous system of embryos and fetuses. As a result of central nervous system aggression by the ZIKV, this infection brings the possibility of arthrogryposis, dysphagia, deafness and visual impairment. All of these changes of varying severity directly or indirectly compromise the future life of these children, and are already considered a congenital syndrome linked to the ZIKV. Diagnosis is one of the main difficulties in the approach of this infection. Considering the clinical part, it has manifestations common to infections by the dengue virus and the chikungunya fever, varying only in subjective intensities. conjunctivitis and arthralgia, among others. In terms of laboratory resources, there are also limitations to the subsidiary diagnosis. Molecular biology tests are based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with reverse transcriptase (RT) action, since the ZIKV is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus. The RT-PCR shows serum or plasma positivity for a short period of time, no more than five days after the onset of the signs and symptoms. The ZIKV urine test is positive for a longer period, up to 14 days. There are still no reliable techniques for the serological diagnosis of this infection. If there are no complications (meningoencephalitis or Guillain-Barré syndrome), further examination is unnecessary to assess systemic impairment. However, evidence is needed to rule out other infections that also cause rashes, such as dengue, chikungunya, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, rubella, and herpes. There is no specific antiviral therapy against ZIKV, and the therapeutic approach to infected pregnant women is limited to the use of antipyretics and analgesics. Anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided until the diagnosis of dengue is discarded. There is no need to modify the schedule of prenatal visits for pregnant women infected by ZIKV, but it is necessary to guarantee three ultrasound examinations during pregnancy for low-risk pregnancies, and monthly for pregnant women with confirmed ZIKV infection. Vaginal delivery and natural breastfeeding are advised. ResumoDesde a descoberta do vírus Zika (VZIK) em 1947 em Uganda, na África, até sua chegada na América do Sul, não se tinha notícia de que ele seria capaz de comprometer a vida reprodutiva em humanos de forma tão severa. Hoje, sabe-se que os danos sobre o sistema nervoso central são múltiplos, e a microcefalia é considerada a ponta do iceberg, visto que na realidade ela representa o epílogo de um processo devastador desta infecção sobre o sistema nervoso central do embrião e do feto. Em decorrência da agressão do sistema nervoso central pelo VZIK, est...

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Section: Concept and Prognosis Of Microcephalymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These children have organic, cognitive and psychomotor disorders that demand special care programs, 78 making scarcer the resources that were already insufficient to meet the previous health demands in the country. 55 …”

Section: Puerperal Period Of Pregnant Women Exposed To Zikvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Women and Microcephaly

Duarte

Moron

Timerman³

et al. 2017

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet

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“…Although the current molecular diagnostic tests are specific, they are only useful in blood or saliva during the relatively short period of acute infection 2,3 . Serological assays are essential for diagnosis outside this initial period of infection 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus Specific Diagnostic Epitope Discovery

Sabalza

Barber

Abrams

et al. 2017

JoVE

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High-density peptide microarrays allow screening of more than six thousand peptides on a single standard microscopy slide. This method can be applied for drug discovery, therapeutic target identification, and developing of diagnostics. Here, we present a protocol to discover specific Zika virus (ZIKV) diagnostic peptides using a high-density peptide microarray. A human serum sample validated for ZIKV infection was incubated with a high-density peptide microarray containing the entire ZIKV protein translated into 3,423 unique 15 linear amino acid (aa) residues with a 14-aa residue overlap printed in duplicate. Staining with different secondary antibodies within the same array, we detected peptides that bind to Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies present in serum. These peptides were selected for further validation experiments. In this protocol, we describe the strategy followed to design, process, and analyze a high-density peptide microarray.

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“…Dear Editor, the recent publication on Zika virus infection is very interesting. 1 It is no doubt that Zika virus infection in pregnant is an actual challenge. 1 The unwanted outcome of the infection in pregnancy is well documented.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1 It is no doubt that Zika virus infection in pregnant is an actual challenge. 1 The unwanted outcome of the infection in pregnancy is well documented. Nevertheless, there are many topics for further discussions.…”

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confidence: 99%