Protein-Supported RuO₂ Nanoparticles with Improved Catalytic Activity, In Vitro Salt Resistance, and Biocompatibility: Colorimetric and Electrochemical Biosensing of Cellular H₂O₂

Abstract

Protein-supported nanoparticles have a great significance in scientific and nanotechnology research because of their "green" process, low cost-in-use, good biocompatibility, and some interesting properties. Ruthenium oxide nanoparticles (RuO 2 NPs) have been considered to be an important member in nanotechnology research. However, the biosynthetic approach of RuO 2 NPs is relatively few compared to those of other nanoparticles. To address this challenge, this work presented a new way for RuO 2 NP synthesis (BSA-RuO 2 NPs) supported by bovine serum albumin (BSA). BSA-RuO 2 NPs are confirmed to exert peroxidase-like activity, electrocatalytic activity, in vitro salt resistance (2 M NaCl), and biocompatibility. Results indicate that BSA-RuO 2 NPs have higher affinity binding for 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine or H 2 O 2 than bare RuO 2 NPs. Moreover, BSA turns out to be a crucial factor in promoting the stability of RuO 2 NPs. Taking the advantages of these improved properties, we established colorimetric (linear range from 2 to 800 μM, a limit of detection of 1.8 μM) and electrochemical (linear range from 0.4 to 3850 μM, a limit of detection of 0.18 μM) biosensors for monitoring in situ H 2 O 2 secretion from living MCF-7 cells. Herein, this work offers a new biosynthesis strategy to obtain BSA-RuO 2 NPs and sheds light on the sensitive biosensors to monitor the H 2 O 2 secreted from living cells for promising applications in the fields of nanotechnology, biology, biosensors, and medicine.

Ultrasmall Ag2Te Quantum Dots with Rapid Clearance for Amplified Computed Tomography Imaging and Augmented Photonic Tumor Hyperthermia

“…Due to the strong coordination of abundant functional groups (e.g., −SH, −NH 2 , and −COOH) with Ag + , BSA could act as an effective template for the synthesis of Ag 2 Te QDs under ambient aqueous conditions, which is consistent with other BSA-mediated nanosystems, such as BSA-Ag 2 S, BSA-Bi 2 S 3 , Gd:CuS@BSA, and BSA-Bi 2 Se 3 nanosystems . Amide I (1639 cm –1 ) and amide II (1526 cm –1 ) match well with the characteristic peaks of BSA from the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy result (Figure S1a), suggesting the successful BSA modification of Ag 2 Te QDs. − The content percentage of BSA in Ag 2 Te QDs was measured to be around 59% based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, Figure S1b), which is consistent with the precursor doping amount. Briefly, the formation mechanism and detailed procedure of Ag 2 Te QDs include (i) BSA was mixed with AgNO 3 aqueous solution to form a BSA–Ag complex, and (ii) NaHTe triggered the nucleation and growth in expansive albumin nanocages (Figure a).…”

Diamond Supercapacitors: Towards Durable, Safe, and Biocompatible Aqueous-Based Energy Storage

“…Of the established PC materials, conducting polymers are generally considered biocompatible, with PAni, PPy, and PEDOT:PSS being employed for supercapacitors in biological applications ( Sim et al, 2018 ; Liu et al, 2021 ; Ramanavicius and Ramanavicius, 2021 ). In addition, transition metal oxides such as MnO 2 and RuO 2 have exhibited good biocompatibility when the electrode is treated to prevent electrode degradation and ions being eluted into solution ( Chae et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; He et al, 2020 ; Shige Wang et al, 2020 ). Taking this into account, diamond-composite electrodes may assist in the utilization of supercapacitors for long-term biological applications with larger energy requirements.…”

Bioinspired Nanomodification Strategies: Moving from Chemical-Based Agrosystems to Sustainable Agriculture

“…Besides, proteins, polypeptides, and amino acids possess strong interaction with metal ions and can be utilized in NPs synthesis. Bovine serum albumin was employed in the biosynthesis of NPs, such as AuNPs and RuO 2 NPs . When dissolving in a surfactant solution, the bovine serum albumin and zein protein were unfolded, exposing the reducing amino acids like cysteine, which could act as a reducing agent to reduce Au­(III) to AuNPs. , Cysteine in the bacterial cell can interact with Ag ions and mitigate the toxicity of Ag ions.…”