Rapid visual information processing as a cognitive endophenotype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Gau, Susan Shur‐Fen; Huang, Wei

doi:10.1017/s0033291713000640

Cited by 55 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…In the simple stage the yellow dot always appears in the same location, and in the five-choice stage in one out of five potential locations. The CANTAB RTI is often used to assess visuo-spatial and visuo-motor coordination abilities [57], motor speed [58], and understand sustained attention and reaction time [59]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study protocol: the Whitehall II imaging sub-study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe Whitehall II (WHII) study of British civil servants provides a unique source of longitudinal data to investigate key factors hypothesized to affect brain health and cognitive ageing. This paper introduces the multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol and cognitive assessment designed to investigate brain health in a random sample of 800 members of the WHII study.Methods/designA total of 6035 civil servants participated in the WHII Phase 11 clinical examination in 2012–2013. A random sample of these participants was included in a sub-study comprising an MRI brain scan, a detailed clinical and cognitive assessment, and collection of blood and buccal mucosal samples for the characterisation of immune function and associated measures. Data collection for this sub-study started in 2012 and will be completed by 2016. The participants, for whom social and health records have been collected since 1985, were between 60–85 years of age at the time the MRI study started. Here, we describe the pre-specified clinical and cognitive assessment protocols, the state-of-the-art MRI sequences and latest pipelines for analyses of this sub-study.DiscussionThe integration of cutting-edge MRI techniques, clinical and cognitive tests in combination with retrospective data on social, behavioural and biological variables during the preceding 25 years from a well-established longitudinal epidemiological study (WHII cohort) will provide a unique opportunity to examine brain structure and function in relation to age-related diseases and the modifiable and non-modifiable factors affecting resilience against and vulnerability to adverse brain changes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study protocol: the Whitehall II imaging sub-study

et al. 2014

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“…Variables that were measured included A′ (a measure of the ability of the examinee to detect target sequences using probability of hits and probability of false alarm), B″ (a measure of the tendency to respond regardless of whether the target sequence is present-response inhibition), and mean latency. The RVP task involves activation of the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, parietal cortex, fusiform gyrus, and right frontal superior gyrus (Gau & Huang, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Continuous Performance and Response Inhibition Tests in Adults With ADHD

et al. 2015

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“…Controls and their parents also under went the Chinese K-SADS-E interview to confirm that they did not have a lifetime or current diagnosis of ADHD or other psychiatric disorders. 48,49 Youths with psychosis, mood disorders, learning disabilities, substance use, autismspectrum disorders, neurologic disorders or a full-scale IQ score lower than 80 were excluded from the study. The Research Ethics Committee of National Taiwan University Hospital approved our study protocol.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered white matter tract property related to impaired focused attention, sustained attention, cognitive impulsivity and vigilance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Chiang

Chen

et al. 2015

jpn

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Background:The neural substrate for clinical symptoms and neuropsychological performance in individuals with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has rarely been studied and has yielded inconsistent results. We sought to compare the microstructural property of fibre tracts associated with the prefrontal cortex and its association with ADHD symptoms and a wide range of attention performance in youth with ADHD and healthy controls. Methods: We assessed youths with ADHD and age-, sex-, handedness-, coil-and intelligence-matched controls using the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CCPT) for attention performance and MRI. The 10 target tracts, including the bilateral frontostriatal tracts (caudate to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and cingulum bundle were reconstructed using diffusion spectrum imaging tractography. We computed generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) values to indicate tract-specific microstructural property. Results: We included 50 youths with ADHD and 50 healthy controls in our study. Youths with ADHD had lower GFA in the left frontostriatal tracts, bilateral SLF and right cingulum bundle and performed worse in the CCPT than controls. Furthermore, alteration of the right SLF GFA was most significantly associated with the clinical symptom of inattention in youths with ADHD. Finally, youths with ADHD had differential association patterns of the 10 fibre tract GFA values with attention performance compared with controls. Limitations: Ten of the youths with ADHD were treated with methylphenidate, which may have long-term effects on microstructural property. Conclusion: Our study highlights the importance of the SLF, cingulum bundle and frontostriatal tracts for clinical symptoms and attention performance in youths with ADHD and demonstrates the involvement of different fibre tracts in attention performance in these individuals.Chiang et al. 326 J Psychiatry Neurosci 2015;40(5)4-repeat allele at DRD4. 11 On the other hand, more commission errors were reported for those with the G1287A genotype of the norepinephrine transporter gene.12 Therefore, the CPT may provide information more closely related to the underlying neuropathology of ADHD than the clinical symptoms do.Increasingly, studies have adopted imaging techniques to explore the neuropathology of ADHD. Structural and functional neuroimaging findings have highlighted that prefront al cortex abnormality may contribute to dysfunction in attention regulation, resulting in the behavioural manifestation of ADHD. 13 Among the subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays a specific role in attention and executive functions, 14 the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) in behavioural inhibition, 15,16 the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in motivation and reward, and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in reward-based decision making. 17 Volumetric and functional MRI studies have also consistently reported...

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Rapid visual information processing as a cognitive endophenotype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Abstract: Our findings suggest that attention performance assessed by the RVP task, but not the RTI or MTS tasks, of the CANTAB may be a useful cognitive endophenotype for ADHD genetic studies.

Cited by 55 publications

References 52 publications

Study protocol: the Whitehall II imaging sub-study

Study protocol: the Whitehall II imaging sub-study

Association Between Continuous Performance and Response Inhibition Tests in Adults With ADHD

Altered white matter tract property related to impaired focused attention, sustained attention, cognitive impulsivity and vigilance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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